1. Earth’s Spheres & Branches of Earth Science
Module E Intro Unit 1 Lesson 1
Pages 4-7

2. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is a System?
Systems
a group of interacting parts that work to together to do a job or to form a whole.
Open Systems
Closed Systems

3. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is a System?
Systems
Open System
Matter and energy can flow into and out of the system.
Uncovered pan of boiling water.
Vegetable Garden
Natural Environment

4. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is a System?
Systems
Closed System
Matter cannot enter or leave, energy can.
Covered pan of boiling water.
Terrarium
Greenhouse

5. I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
Open or Closed Systems? A B C D

6. What is the Earth’s System?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Earth’s System?
Earth System
A complex system made up of:
Matter
Living Things
Nonliving things.
Energy
Processes within Earth’s
Matter and energy continuously cycled through the smaller systems that make up Earth’s spheres.

7. What is the Earth’s Geosphere?
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Geosphere?
Geosphere
Mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth.
Divided into 3 Layers
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core
a. Inner Core
b. Outer Core

8. What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere?
I will be able to define and describe the four main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere?
Hydrosphere
Part of the Earth that is liquid water.
Always moving, through all spheres.
71% of Earth’s surface is the ocean.
Lakes
Rivers
Marshes
Rain
Underground water
Droplets in clouds.

9. What is the Earth’s Cryosphere?
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Cryosphere?
Cryosphere
Made up of all frozen water on Earth.
Ice
Sea Ice
Glaciers
Ice Shelves
Ice Bergs
Snow

10. What is the Earth’s Atmosphere?
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Atmosphere?
Atmosphere
Mostly made of invisible gases that surround the Earth.
Contains the air we breathe.
Composition
71% Nitrogen
23% Oxygen
1% Trace Gases.
Traps Heat Energy from the sun.
Greenhouse effect, keeps the planet warm.
78%
21% 1%

11. What is the Earth’s Biosphere?
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Biosphere?
Biosphere
Made up of living things and their habitats.
Must Have:
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Liquid Water
Moderate Temperatures
Source of Energy
Sun
Plants and Algae (photosynthesis)

12. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
Matter and Energy
1. By exchange of matter.
Water Cycle
Water evaporates into the atmosphere.
Water condenses forming clouds.
Nitrogen Cycle
Bacteria release nitrogen into the soil from the atmosphere.
Plants use nitrogen to grow.

13. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
2. By exchange of energy
Moves back and forth between spheres.
Plants use solar energy to make food.
Animals eat plants for energy.
Solar Energy
Drives winds and Weather

14. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
Earth’s Energy
Most comes from the Sun.
A tiny fraction
Ocean Tides
Geothermal
Lava & Magma
Moves or Changes form
Not created or destroyed.
Transferred between spheres

15. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
Energy Budget
A way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of Earth’s system.
Unbalanced budget
Can increase or decrease Earth’s temperatures.

16. What can disturb Earth’s Energy Budget?
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What can disturb Earth’s Energy Budget?
Disturbed Energy Budget
1. Increasing Greenhouse gases.
2. Melting Polar Ice Caps

17. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
5 Branches
Astronomy
Environmental
Geology
Oceanography
Meteorology

18. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
Reason for tides
Different Galaxies
The Sun
Mars
Planets
Stars
Reason for Seasons
Telescopes
Reason for night/day
Astronomer
Astronomy
The study of the universe beyond Earth.
Astronomers study:
Stars
Planets
Galaxies
History of the Universe.

19. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
Global Warming
Conservation of Earth’s resources.
Effects of oil spills
Effects of landfills
Effects of fertilizer on ground water.
Melting Ice Caps
Air Pollution
Greenhouse effect
Ecologist
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
Environmental Science
The study of Earth’s environment and resources and the effect of human activities
Environmentalists or ecologist study problems like:
Pollution
Global Warming

20. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
Geology
The study the solid Earth.
Geologists study the forces that shape Earth.
Volcanoes
Seismic Waves
Formation of Mountains
Predicting Earthquakes
Effects of Soil Erosion
Minerals
Inside of Earth
Natural Resources
Geologist

21. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
Meteorology
The study of Earth’s atmosphere.
Meteorologists gather information about conditions in the atmosphere from around the world.
Forecast weather.
Meteorologist
Chasing Tornadoes
The Ozone Layer
The Layers of the Atmosphere
Wind Patterns in North Wales
Predicting the Weather
Predicting Hurricanes

22. What are the Branches of Earth Science?
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
Oceanography
The study of Earth’s oceans.
Oceanographers study:
Chemistry of the ocean.
Shape of the ocean floor.
Organisms living in them.
Studying Tsunamis
Cold/Warm Ocean Currents
Ocean life zones
Recording tides
Wave patterns at the beach
Studying the Intertidal Zone
Studying what makes up ocean water.
Coral reefs
Ocean floor
Oceanographer