1. Forces shaping the earth

2. Inside the Earth Three layers Core: center of the earth Inner core solid Outer core liquid

3. Mantle: layer of rock surrounding the core Solid near core Outer layer sometimes melts Magma: hot, melted rock that sometimes flows outward during volcanic eruptions

4. Crust: uppermost layer Includes ocean floors & continents

5. Forces beneath the earth’s crust Plate tectonics: theory that the earth’s crust consists of moving plates

6. When plates meet Can create high mountain ranges (the Himalayas)

7. Earthquake: violent and sudden movement of the earth’s crust

8. Tsunami: huge waves created by undersea earthquakes

9. Forces shaping landforms Weathering: the process of breaking surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil

10. Erosion: process of wearing away or moving weathered material Water, wind, ice Glaciers: giant slow-moving sheets of ice