1. ORIGIN OF
LIFE

2. DEVELOPED BY :
Dr. SAROJ JAIN
Ms.CHANDRABOLI GHORAI

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After viewing this presentation, the student will be able to:
Visualize history of origin of life
Describe various steps of origin of life
Understand molecular level of organization of cells i.e. how atoms constitute living cells
Correlate the phases of chemosynthetic theory with the biosynthetic processes occurring in living cells
Define chemosynthesis and coacervates

4. CHEMOSYNTHETIC THEORY
Scientists believe that life might have originated on earth from non-living matter through a series of chemical reactions.
It all happened 3600 m.years ago in water.
This theory was strongly supported by research conducted by Stanley Miller.

5. STAGES OF CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Formation of simple organic compounds.
Formation of major organic macromolecules.
Formation of cell-like aggregates called coacervates.
Coacervates become more organized with use nucleic acids.
Beginning of evolutionary development.
Appearance of autotrophic bacteria.

6. CONDITIONS ON PRIMITIVE EARTH
Atmosphere contained methane,ammonia, hydrogen gas and water vapors but NO FREE OXYGEN.
Earth was volcanically active .
Oceans were a ‘primordial soup’ of ammonia, phosphate,nitrogen and carbon.
Earth was exposed to UV light and radiations.
There was torrential rains for many years. .

7. FORMATION OF SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES

8. FORMATION OF SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES
Methane
CH4

9. SIMPLE SUGARS (Monosaccharides)
FATTY ACIDS
GLYCEROL
AMINO ACIDS

10. FORMATION O F COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
Peptide Fragment

11. DNA
COACERVATES
RNA A
In the warm primordial ocean, aggregates of amino acids, proteins, and other hydrocarbons came together into a form called *coacervates*. Amino acids will spontaneously form coacervates in the same way that beads of vinegar in oil come together.

12. Coacervates superficially resemble cells
Lipid and protein membrane
Selectively permeable
Able to absorb compounds from the environment
Chemical reactions may take place inside
“Reproduce” by splitting when they get large

13. First living cells
Photoautotrophs
Cyanobacteria
Archaebacteria

14. MILLER--UREY EXPERIMENT
                     
1n 1953, a University of Chicago graduate student named Stanley Miller working in Harold Urey's lab flipped a switch sending electric current through a chamber containing a combination of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water. The experiment yielded organic compounds including amino acids, the building blocks of life, and catapulted a field of study known as exobiology into the headlines. Since that time a new understanding of the workings of RNA and DNA, have increased the scope of the subject. Moreover, the discovery of prebiotic conditions on other planets and the announcement of a bacterial fossil originating on Mars has brought new attention to the study of life's origins
MILLER--UREY
EXPERIMENT

15. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE: When and where did life originate on earth?
Define ‘coacervates’?
Why is chemo synthetic origin of life not possible today?
What is a ‘peptide bond’?
How do dietary amino acids get transformed into proteins?

16. Acknowledgements NCERT Text book-XI MS ENCARTA
Special thanks to Mr. V.K.Sodhi,Senior Lecturer,SCERT

17. Organisms die but life continues….
THE END