1. Seite 1 4. Juni 2009 The Challenge of Power System Operation with Large Amounts of Wind Power Dr. Kurt Rohrig IWES Institut für Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik Bremerhaven/Kassel Germany kurt.rohrig@iwes.fraunhofe.de  Introduction  Wind Power Plant Capabilities  Grid Planning and Operation  European Energy Markets  Renewable Model Region Harz

2. Seite 2 4. Juni 2009 CO 2 Emissions per Capita – Remaining Amounts Quelle: WBGU, 2009 Ca. 730 G t CO 2 to 2050  To meet 2°C target, massive conversion of energy supply system is required  Massive development of RES

3. Seite 3 4. Juni 2009 Wind Power Plant Capabilities – Operate Wind Farms like Conventional Power Plants Sustainable Grid Planning and improved Operation European Energy Markets and Business Models Main Challenges of Wind Energy Deployment

4. Seite 4 4. Juni 2009 44 Active Power Regulation Gradient Control Time t P [MW] 300 200 100 t+i t+j t+n  Reactive Power Regulation P +Q -Q cos  Capacitive Inductive Adjustable power factor Reactive power range forecast Reactive power control Power factor control Voltage changes control Wind power reserve Congestion management Power limitation Gradient control Frequency Control Active Contribution to System Reliability

5. Seite 5 4. Juni 2009 A1 A2 A0, BO B1 B2 10 0 50 47 48 49 51 52 53 B3 A3 xx Nominated Power [%] Frequency [Hz] Active Contribution to System Reliability

6. Seite 6 4. Juni 2009 Reactive Power Control U, cos f, Q Voltage Control at PCC Active power Reactive power 48,116 MW 33,658 MVar

7. Seite 7 4. Juni 2009 Voltage Control Voltage 30,242 kV 29,122 kV

8. Seite 8 4. Juni 2009 Transport of Energy Bulk T T H Sustainable Grid Planning

9. Seite 9 4. Juni 2009 Study: 100 % RES Scenario in Europe Wind PV

10. Seite 10 4. Juni 2009 Simulation of Energy Transport and Energy Storage individual residual load [GW]

11. Seite 11 4. Juni 2009 Average Transports in 100% supply scenario with share of PV (55%) ≈ 15 GW Maximum transports are much larger!

12. Seite 12 4. Juni 2009 100% Electricity from Wind, PV, Biogas und Water From Simulation to Demonstration: the Combined RES Power Plant

13. Seite 13 4. Juni 2009 Wind Power Prediction WPMS E.ON Netz, Vattenfall Europe Transmission, RWE Transportnetz Strom, EnBW Transportnetze, Verbund Österreich, TERNA Italien, Ägypten, Zafarana, National Grid, England. Wind FarmCluster Management WCMS Wind Power Prediction as a Key Function

14. Seite 14 4. Juni 2009 Devices Agents Load Wind Biogas Import/Export PV Storage Results Control Management Control ICT Energy Management The Virtual Power Plant – Interfaces Prediction

15. Seite 15 4. Juni 2009 The virtual power plant – Graphical user interface

16. Seite 16 4. Juni 2009 Renewable Model Region Harz Renewable Power Plant Harz Generation Controlable Loads Storage Device Control Market Information

17. Seite 17 4. Juni 2009 Renewable Model Region Harz Urban Region High share of RES Support of RES in Region Installed capacity in region

18. Seite 18 4. Juni 2009 Active Support of Grid Operation PMU PCC 1 PCC 2 PCC 3 PMU U, I, f, t t P t P t PMeasures: - f  global Parameter - U, I  local Parameter - t  global Timestamp P,Q RKWH

19. Seite 19 4. Juni 2009 Thank You for Your Attention