1. Present Perfect

2. Present Perfect Affirmative form singular plural
I have arrived we have arrived
you have arrived you have arrived
he/she/it has arrived they have arrived

3. Present Perfect Negative form singular plural
I haven’t arrived we haven’t arrived
you haven’t arrived you haven’t arrived
he/she/it hasn’t arrived they haven’t arrived
* have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t

4. Present Perfect Interrogative form singular plural
have I arrived have we arrived
have you arrived have you arrived
has he/she/it arrived have they arrived

5. Present Perfect USE
To describe actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present (and possibly into future)
To refer to actions occuring or not occuring at an unspecified time in the past with some kind of connection to the present.
e.g. Someonehas eaten all the cakes.
A have never smoked a cigar.

6. Present Perfect USE PP + adverbials that suggest ‘up to now’:
before (now), it’s the first time, so far, up till now, up to the present, ever, not ... ever, never
e.g. Have you ever been to Japan?

7. Present Perfect USE PP with ‘since’ and ‘for’
e.g. I’ve lived here since (point of time) (preposition)
*since can be a conjuction:
e.g. Jill hasn’t been home since she was a girl.
or an adverb: I saw Eve in May and I haven’t seen her since.

8. Present Perfect USE
I’ve lived here for 14 years. (period of time) (...= I still live here.)
* I’m here for six weeks. (That’s how long I’m going to stay.)

9. Present Perfect USE Sometimes we don’t use time adverbials:
e.g. Have you passed your driving test?
Depending on context this can mean ‘at any time up to now’ or ‘after the test you have just taken’.

10. Present Perfect USE Another adverbs:
just, recently, already, jet, still, at last, finally
e.g. I’ve just seen film.
Expressions like three/four/several times
e.g. I’ve watched him on TV several times. (I expect to watch him again.)
He’s attended classes regularly

11. Present Perfect USE Letters and postcards:
e.g. I’ve just arrived in London.