1. Present Perfect/Simple Past/Present Perfect Progressive

2. How do we form Present perfect?
POSITIVE (+): Have/has + V3 NEGATIVE (-): Haven’t/hasn’t + V3 QUESTION (?): Have/has+S+V3

3. When do we use present perfect?
a. situations that began in the past and continue up to now (for, since) -I have been a teacher since b. events that have /haven’t happened up to now (ever, never, yet, still, already) -Have you ever been to Syria? c. An event that has occurred more than once in the past (so far) -We have had 3 tests so far.

4. What is the difference between present perfect and simple past?
PRESENT PERFECT: -past events with no specific mention of time. *I have watched this film before. -situations that started in the past and are continuing. *I have been a teacher for 3 years. SIMPLE PAST: -past events when time is mentioned *I watched this film in situations that began and ended in the past. *I was a student 3 years ago.

5. How do we form Present Perfect Progressive?
POSITIVE (+): Have/has + been + Ving NEGATIVE (-): Haven’t/hasn’t + been + Ving QUESTION (?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

6. When do we use Present Perfect Progressive?
-For an activity that is happening at the moment -To tell how long this activity has been in progress. *Right now, I am sitting at my desk. *I have been sitting at my desk since seven o’clock. I have been sitting here for two hours.

7. What is the difference between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive?
If you say: “I have been writing for 5 hours.” The important thing in the sentence is the time. If you say: “I have written thirty pages.” The important thing in the sentence is number of pages.

8. When can’t you use Present Perfect Progressive?
With non-progressives. You can say: * I have known Alex for 20 years. You can’t say: *I have been knowing Alex for 20 years.

9. What are the time expressions ?
since, for, all day/morning