1. AUXILIARY VERBS

2. Use auxiliary verbs (do, have, etc.) or modal verbs (can, must, etc.)…

3. 1. In short answers, instead of answering just Yes/No.

4. Do you speak French?
Yes, I ___ . Quite well.

5. 2. To avoid repeating the main verb/verb phrase:

6. I like dogs but my husband ______.
Jim’s coming but Anna ________.

7. 3. With So and Neither to say that something is the same.

8. Use So + aux + Subject after a positive verb.
Use Neither (or Nor) + aux + Subject after a negative verb.

9. I loved the film.
So ____ I
- I haven’t finished yet.
Neither _____ I.
He’s a doctor and so _____ his wife.

10. 4. To make ‘echo questions’, to show interest in what someone is saying. The auxiliary is stressed and the intonation rises.

11. - I went to a psychic yesterday.
– _____ you?
- I’ll make the dinner. – _____ you? That’s great!

12. 5. To show emphasis in a positive sentence
5. To show emphasis in a positive sentence. This is used to contradict what someone has said or to emphasize a point.

13. With the present/past simple, add do/does/did before the main verb.
With other auxiliaries stress the auxiliary verb.

14. - You didn’t lock the door!
- I ___ lock it, I promise!
Silvia isn’t coming.
She ___ coming. I’ve just spoken to her.

15. 6. To make question tags.
Use a positive question tag with a negative verb:
I’m not late, am I?
Use a negative question tag with a positive verb:
He’s French, isn’t he?

16. They are used to ask another person to agree with you:
It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
or to check something you think is true:
She’s a painter, isn’t she?

17. You won’t forget, _________?
Your wife can speak Italian, _________?

18. 'He's bought the tickets, _______he?' 'Yes, I think so.'
2. I enjoyed the film, but Helen _________ .
3. 'You're our new neighbour, ________ you?'
'Yes, I am.'
4. Millie's got a cold and so ________ Josef.
5. I haven't spoken to him and neither _______ Sean.
6. 'You didn't feed the dog!'
'That's not true. I ________feed him!'
7. 'You don't like maths much, _______ you?'
'No, not really.'
8. 'I wouldn't mind a cup of tea.'
'Neither __________ I'.