1. The Role of the Teacher in Purposeful Learning

2. Clarifying Objectives n Setting realistic goals n Identification and clarification of associated objectives: – knowledge – skills – dispositions

3. Motivating Students n manipulating materials and activities to arouse interest n engaging in goal setting procedure with the students n manipulating rewards and competition n providing knowledge of progress

4. Supplying a Model n persons as role models n verbal descriptions n audio visual models n supplying a working model to eliminate needless trial and error

5. Sequencing the Subject Matter n logical organization n psychological organization to facilitate learning

6. Guiding Initial Trials n establishment of correct responses n avoidance of habitual errors n aids pupil in understanding nature of satisfactory performance

7. Managing Practice Effectively n laboratory and clinical experiences n not merely repeating same exercise n essential to goal attainment in psycho-motor and cognitive areas n a teacher can manipulate whole-part approaches

8. Helping Students Apply Knowledge n many specific examples n skillful use of non-examples to evaluate transfer

9. Providing for Individual Differences n group students by ability n improving materials n sequencing the instruction

10. Assessing Student Work n help in reinforcing desirable learning n provide encouragement n provide yardstick to measure goals

11. Providing for Recall n systematic review n elicit this review from students

12. Evaluating Student Performance n establish policy n set criteria n make criteria public n assign grades