1. Please choose a topic

7. nowpast future

8. nowpast future

9. nowpast future

10. nowpast future usesexamples Facts/truthThe sun rise from the east. Habitual actionWe eat dinner at 7:00 everyday. Momentary actionHe wins the match. Talking about the future The TV programme starts at 8:00.

11. nowpast future UsesExamples Description of actions happening nowIt’s raining Indicating changeMy father’s hair is falling out! Talking about temporary situationJill’s working in hotel for the summer. Talking about the fitureWhat are you doing on Saturday?

12. nowpast future UsesExamples Finished events(usually specific time) When i was young, I hated school. Repeated actions in the pastEvery day last week we had a Maths test

13. nowpast future UsesExamples Temporanry actions in progress in the past It was raining yesterday morning. A simultaneous continuous action +when We were laughing when he saw us.

14. nowpast future UsesExamples Recent past with indefinite adverbs of time It’s just started to rain. Past events without a specifictineI’ve been to China three times.

15. nowpast future UsesExamples For the earlier of two past actionsWhen I arrived, they ferry has gone. In reported speechSally said she’d seen a ghost.

16. nowpast future UsesExamples Describing an action in progress in the past befpre another action He had been waiting for an hour when i arrived.

17. nowpast future UsesExamples Continuous past action---- finished or continuing They’ve been sitting down all day. I’ve been studying English for seven years.

18. nowpast future UsesExamples Making decisions/threats/promises I think I’ll go to bed now. Expressing opinions I know you’ll pass.

19. nowpast future UsesExample Making offers, requests, suggesrionsWill you meet me later? Stating intentions/plans/predicionasWe’re going to have a picnic next week. She’s going to have a body.

20. nowpast future UsesExamples Describing future events, plans or intentions This time tommorow we’ll be leaving. Expressing expectationsTheir plane will be landing soon.

21. nowpast future UsesExamples Talking about actions that we know will be completed by a certain time in the future Next year, I’ll have been in Hong Kong for ten years. Talking about actions that we think will be completed by a certain time in the future They will have arrived by now.

22. nowpast future UsesExamples Talking about the duration of a continuous action or event up to a future point of time By the end of month, he will have beem working here for ten years.

23. Uses If we use the active voice, it is the person or thing that does an action that is important. Example Mr Tse coaches the football team. Notice In this sentice, we are talking about Mr Tse, so it is natural to use the active voice and say what he does.

24. Uses If we use the passive voice, the person or thing that does the action is not so important. Example The football team is coached by Mr Tse. Notice In this sentice, we are talking about the football team, so it is natural to use the passive voice. This sentence might be part of a longer paragraph where Mr Tse isn’t quite so important

25. The point of forming indirect sentence 1.Use that to connect the stagement 2.Change pronouns 3.Change the tenses usually.(Look at the table)(Look at the table 4.Sometimes stay the tense as the reported statement is always true or still true. 5.Tense stayed also when the verb of speech is in the present tense. 6.infinitives stay the same.

26. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to

27. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to I like milk. Present tense Pronoun need to be change He said that he liked milk.

28. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to I’m listening. Change tense Present con. → past con. Change pronoun He said that he was listening.

29. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to I didn’t do it. Change tense Simple past → past perfect Change pronoun He said he hadn’t done it.

30. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to You’ve eaten my moon cake. Change pronoun Change tense Present perfect→ Past perfect He said that he had eaten his moon cake.

31. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to I was sleeping. Change pronoun Change tense Past con. → past perfect con. He said that he had been sleeping

32. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to Change pronoun ‘I hadn’t realised that he was only joking.’ Change tense Past & psdt perfect→ past perfect He said he hadn’t realised that he had only been joking.

33. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to I’ll find them Change pronoun Change tense will→ would He said that he would find them

34. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to Change pronoun I can’t hear you. Change tense can→could He said that he couldn’t hear me.

35. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to ‘You ought to go there.’ He said that I ought to go there. ‘I would do if I could.’ She said that she would do it if she could. Change pronoun No change No change Change pronoun

36. Direct speechIndirect speech Simple present→Simple past Present continuous →Past continuous Simple past →Past perfect Present perfect →Past perfect/past Past countionous →Past countinuous/ Past perfect countinous Past perfect →Past perfect Will/ shall →Would/ should Can/ may →Could/ might Could/ ought to / might/ should/ would → Could/ ought to. Might/ should/ would/ must →Must/ had to ‘You must do it.’ He said that I had to do it. Change pronoun No change

37. In reported question, you should remember that the question need to change into the sentence form that: The subject comes before the verb. Do is not used Question marks are not used If and whether are used with Yes/No questions that do not have a word likes who, how, where to introduce them. “what are you drinking?’ →He asked what I was drinking. Change pronoun ‘Have you finished your homework?’ →He ask me if I finished my homework. Change tense Presene perfect →past

38. Relative clauses have two used: 1.join clauses together 2.except for whose, they act as the subjects or objects of clauses. Main relative pronounsUsed WhichAnimal or thing WhoPeople WhomPeople object whoseTo explain a people

39. Generally we use ‘which’ when we need to explain some animals or tings. I’ve got the answer.You were looking for it. Same object =which I’ve got the answer which you were looking for.

40. We use ‘who’ for the explain or combine two sentence which talking about same subject as an person The man is very generous. The man lives next to us. Talking about the same man = who The man who lives next to us is veru generous.

41. The ‘whom’ is similiar to ‘who’ but ‘whom’ must used as a object. He is a man.I like him. Object/people = Whom/who He is a man who/whom i like.

42. Whose has two used: It joins claused together. It replaces his, her, its or their. An orphan is a child. His parents have died. His ↓ whose An orphan is a child whose parents have died.

43. Gerunds is the –ing form which used as a noun. Gerunds can used as a subject or object. Gerunds can also have their own objects. Gerunds can used after preposition. e.g. Eating too much makes you fat. I don’t like reading. object subject Eating fried food makes you fat. I don’t like reading history books. object Undo your shoelaces before taking off your shoes. I look forward to meeting you.

44. Sometime we can’t use gerund to followed some very but infinitive.There are some common verbs: AffordAgreeAppearArrangeAttempt DecideFailForgetHopeLearn(how) ManageOfferPlabRetendPromoise RefuseSeemTendThreaten They have agreed to get married next year. Don’t pretend to be something that you are not. Melanie promoised to keep the news a secret, but she didn’t.