1. Education and Literacy in Pakistan 10.1.1 Literacy & its importance in national development 10.1.2 Reasons of low literacy in Pakistan 10.1.3 Compare literacy rate with other developing countries (Tajikistan 99.6, Indonesia 92.0, Sri Lanka 90.8, Iran 82.3, Oman 81.4, India 66.0, Pakistan 54.2, Bangladesh 53.5)Tajikistan IndonesiaSri LankaIran OmanIndiaPakistan Bangladesh

2. 10.2 Forms of Education and its importance informal- education or learning through environment –Trial and error –Experimental Formal – education/learning through planned techniques in established institutions like schools and universities. –Courses –Degrees

3. 10.2.2. Curriculum is written document, includes holistic course of study/schooling etc Technical & Vocational education –Technical education is geared much more heavily on books manuals, information etc... Vocational training is much more of a "hands on" learning process that is focused on acquisition of skills as well as knowledge.

4. 10.2.3. Distance education is a method of teaching in which the students are not required to be physically present at a specific location during the term. Most often, regular mail is used to send written material, videos, audiotapes, and CD-ROMs to the student and to turn in the exercises; nowadays e-mail and the Web are used as well. Often students are required to come to meetings at regional offices on specific weekends, for example to take exams. Distance education is offered at all levels, but is most frequently an option for university-level studies.videos audiotapesCD-ROMse-mailWeb

5. 10.2.3. Virtual education refers to instruction in a learning environment where teacher and student are separated by time or space, or both, and the teacher provides course content through course management applications, multimedia resources, the Internet, videoconferencing, etc. Students receive the content and communicate with the teacher via the same technologies.multimedia Internetvideoconferencing

6. 10.3. Educational policies 10.3.1. List policies Educational conference 1947 Report of commission on national education 1959 Educational policy 1972-80 Educational policy 1978-79 National educational policy 1998-2010 Educational policy 2009

7. Features of educational policy 1998-2010 –Access to all as it is right of all citizens –Formal and non-formal means to eradicate illiteracy –Compulsory primary education by 2004-05 – introduction of technical education at metric level –Computer as subject of secondary education –FA to private sector for –no-profit institutions –Establishment of district educational authority –GDP 2.2% to 4% –Promotion of sports and games

8. 10.3.2. Problem faced by education Allocation of budget 2.4% Access to education – 46% illiteracy Medium of instruction-Urdu, Sindhi, English Curriculum and textbooks – NBP, TBB, Cambridge, Madrassa etc Availability and quality of teachers- ghost schools, teachers cant write an application Management – total failure, not qualified Administration- multiple issues