1. KI5 Who loses from Globalisation?
MEDCs – the effects of deindustrialisation.

2. Economic effects Rising unemployment.
UK 3.4million lost jobs in manufacturing
Lost skills e.g. ‘metalbashing’ in West Midlands. Older workers not passing skills to next generation.
Well paid traditional ‘skilled working’ jobs (replaced by lower paid, lower skilled work)
Rising male unemployment
rising female employment as a proportion of workforce eg s. Wales Valleys

3. Economic effects Long term unemployed
Concentration of unemployment in manufacturing sector
Regional differences (‘north’ / ‘south’ divide)
Demultiplier effect

4. Demultiplier effect eg Ebbw Vale in south Wales
14,500 jobs in 1967 when nationalised. Closure of steelworks in 1978 and tinplate works in 2002 (780 jobs)

5. Demultiplier effect eg Ebbw Vale in south Wales
14,500 jobs in 1967 when nationalised. Closure of steelworks in 1978 and tinplate works in 2002 (780 jobs)
Labour displacement
Intervention – WAG – ‘The Works’.
Outmigration of people and decrease in spending power
Regional problems
Development of social problems
Unviability of services – schools, hospitals, local shops.

6. Social Effects Crime Violence Vice Health issues Depression
Unhealthy lifestyle
Particular impacts on some social groups … gender, age, minorities

7. Environmental Effects
Derelict buildings – Ebbw Vale tinplate works, old mine buildings.
Scarred landscapes – spoil heaps (Aberfan)
Polluted waste land – Llandarcy oil refinery
Inner city slums e.g. Cardiff Docks (Bay) and Swansea Docks – urban redevelopment sites.

8. POSITIVE EFFECTS of DEINDUSTRIALISATION
Productivity increased – ‘leaner, fitter’ more competitive manufacturing sector
Reindustrialisation – TNC inward investment from Japan, Taiwan and S. Korea. (1980s & 90s)
Growth of small businesses
Growing Tertiary sector “TERTIARISATION” – In % UK labour force in tertiary and 20% in manufacturing.
Social changes – more jobs for females, more part-time
Rise of Quaternary sector (subset of Tertiary)– research and development , pharmaceutical, ICT– Science Parks e.g. Cambridge. Technium – Swansea SA1