1. September 24, 2013 Objective: Students will be able to identify the opposing sides in the fight for ratification and describe the major arguments for and against the Constitution. Question: Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? How did the Compromise differ from the Articles of Confederation? Agenda: Notes Feds vs. Anti-Feds/Ratification Packets.

3. Once the Constitution is written it must go to the states for their approval People will be able to vote for or against the Constitution

4. FEDERALISM – a system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government

5. JAMES MADISON Writes The Federalist papers because he supports a strong central government Writes the first 10 amendments to the Constitution

6. ALEXANDER HAMILTON Alexander Hamilton a lawyer co-writes several The Federalist essays Supports a strong national government and ratification of the Constitution

7. Patrick Henry Active leader during the Revolution who demanded that the British “give me liberty, or give me death!" He is against the Constitution because it reduced states rights and had no Bill of Rights

8. George Mason Anti-Federalist, a Virginian Plantation owner Wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights which becomes the model for the Bill of Rights He refused to sign the Constitution until a Bill of Rights was included

9. An Unfair Advantage? The Federalists publish their essays in New York newspapers and pamphlets in 1787-1789 Newspapers support the Federalist side and publish more Federalist writings than Anti-Federalist writings!

10. Two groups begin to develop: 1) FEDERALISTS – want the Constitution to pass as is

11. 2) ANTI-FEDERALISTS – do NOT want the Constitution to pass as is

12. The Constitution is awesome! I think everyone should rush out and vote for it!

13. 1) Supported taking some powers from the states and giving them to the national government

14. 2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government

15. 3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch

16. The Constitution is not worth the paper it is printed on! Where is the Bill of Rights?

17. 1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers

18. 2) Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS) EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)

19. 3) Feared a single person in the executive branch might become a king or tyrant

20. 4) Believed a Bill of Rights need to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

21. Both sides published their viewpoints in newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

22. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS – a series of essays which supported the Federalists viewpoint (wanted the Constitution to pass)

23. FederalistsAnti-federalists Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the National Government Wanted important political powers to remain with the states Favored dividing powers among different branches of government- filled with men of “reputation” Wanted the Legislative Branch to have more power than the Executive Branch Proposed a single person to lead the Executive Branch Feared that a strong executive might become a king or a tyrant No Bill of Rights Needed- they are “inferred” in the Constitution Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

24. The Federalists Papers were written by such men as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay James Madison John JayAlexander Hamilton

25. Federalists had an advantage because most newspapers supported their cause

26. Take a moment and reflect…. Do the Anti-Federalists care more about protecting individual rights or promoting the common good? Do the Federalists care more about protecting individual rights or promoting the common good?

27. Individual Rights Anti-FederalistsThe Anti-Federalists were more concerned with protecting the rights of the individual people and states, then promoting the pubic good as a whole.

28. Common Good The Federalists were more concerned with promoting the common good of everyone then protecting individual rights

29. “All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born; the other, the mass of people…. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore the first class a ….permanent share in the government….they therefore will ever maintain good government.” Who said it? _______________________ Quote #1:

30. Quote #1 Who said it? FEDERALISTS

31. Quote #2: “It must be by this time evident to all men…that (the Articles of Confederation) is a system so radically vicious and unsound as to admit….an entire change.” Who said it? _______________________

32. Quote #2 Who said it? FEDERALISTS

33. Quote #3: “Our country is too large to have all affairs directed by a single government.” Who said it? _______________________

34. Quote #3 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

35. Quote #4: “I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground – that all powers not delegate (given) to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, or to the people….” Who said it? _______________________

36. Quote # 4 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALIST

37. Quote #5: “The powers contained in the constitution….ought to be construed liberally in advancement of the public good.” Who said it? _______________________

38. Quote # 5 Who said it? FEDERALISTS

39. Quote #6: “I am not among those who fear the people. They, not the rich, are our dependence for continued freedom.” Who said it? _______________________

40. Quote #6 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

41. Quote #7: "I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire." Who said it? _______________________

42. Quote #7 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

43. Quote #8: "I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire." Who said it? _______________________

44. Quote #8 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

45. Quote #9 Who said it? FEDERALISTS

46. Quote #10: “An elective [monarchy] was not the government we fought for; but one in which the powers of government should be so divided and balanced among the several bodies of magistracy as that no one could transcend their legal limits without being effectually checked and restrained by the others.” Who said it? _______________________

47. Quote # 10 Who said it? FEDERALISTS

48. Quote #11: “When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny. Who said it? _______________________

49. Quote #11 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

50. Quote #12: “… the power vested in congress of sending troops for suppressing insurrections will always enable them to stifle the first struggles of freedom." Who said it? _______________________

51. Quote #12 Who said it? ANTI-FEDERALISTS

52. By June of 1788 a total of 9 states had ratified (passed) the Constitution 9 states were required to officially make it the legal form of government

53. Two very important states though, Virginia and New York, had not yet passed it and were needed

54. Two important Virginians, GEORGE MASON and PATRICK HENRY were against the Constitution George MasonPatrick Henry

55. Virginia finally passes it once they are convinced it will soon add a Bill of Rights

56. New York passes it once they hear Virginia had Rhode Island is the last state to officially ratify it in 1790

57. BILL OF RIGHTS – the first ten amendments to the Constitution Insures personal rights to each U.S. citizen

58. Final 5 List 3 major differences between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.