1. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Retrieval That Works: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and OCLC 99th AALL Annual Meeting & Conference 12 July 2006 St. Louis, MO organizers: Ming Lu, Los Angeles County Law Library Yuxin Li, University of Houston Law Center speakers: Glenn Patton, OCLC Eric Childress, OCLC Research I-6

2. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What’s FRBR and Why Do I Care? Glenn E. Patton Director, WorldCat Quality Management pattong@oclc.org 1-800-848-5878, ext. 6371

3. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What is F R B R? F unctional R equirements for B ibliographic R ecords — IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, 1998.

4. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What Prompted F R B R?  Seminar on Bibliographic Records, Stockholm, August 1990  Two objectives:  Examine the purpose and nature of bibliographic records and the range of needs that they can realistically be expected to meet  Consider alternative ways of meeting those needs in a cost-effective and co-operative manner

5. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What Prompted F R B R?  What information is of the most value to users of the catalog?  How can that most valuable information be used more effectively?

6. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR Is & Isn’t?  It isn’t a standard –  So, it’s not something to implement  It’s a conceptual model –  It helps us think about current standards and practices  It’s a tool  It clarifies how catalogs should function

7. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Four User Tasks  Find  Identify  Select  Obtain And, maybe a fifth:  Navigate

8. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 1 – Bibliographic Entities  Work A distinct intellectual or artistic creation  Expression The intellectual or artistic realization of a work  Manifestation The physical embodiment of an expression of a work  Item A single example of a manifestation

9. OCLC Online Computer Library Center is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by Work Expression Manifestation Item recursive one many

10. OCLC Online Computer Library Center

11. Edna Ferber’s Show Boat

12. OCLC Online Computer Library Center A Civil Action By Jonathan Harr (1995) Chinese Translation 法網邊緣 台北市, 1999 Audiobook read by John Shea Random House Audio, 1995 E-book Ebrary, 2002 A Civil Action (motion picture) 1998 Videorecording DVD Touchstone Home Video, 1999 A documentary companion to A civil action Original edition Foundation Press, 1999 A Civil Action

13. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 2 – Responsible Entities  Person  Corporate Body And perhaps a third …  Family

14. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 3 – Subject Entities  Concept  Object  Event  Place  Plus the Group 1 and 2 Entities

15. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes  A set of characteristics that serve as the basis for formulating queries and interpreting responses  Can be either inherent or externally applied

16. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 1 Entities  Work  Work title, form or genre, date, performance medium, intended audience  Expression  Expression title, form of the expression, language of the expression, type of score, scale of a map

17. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 1 Entities  Manifestation  Manifestation title, publisher, date of publication, form of carrier, dimensions, manifestation identifier (e.g. ISBN), terms of availability  Item  Location or call number, barcode, provenance, condition, access restrictions on an item

18. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 2 Entities  Person  Names, dates, titles or other designations  Corporate body  Name, number, place, date, other designation

19. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 3 Entities  Concept, Object, Event, Place  Only attribute is the term for the concept, object, event or place

20. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships  Link entities to one another  Entities of different groups (person and work)  Entities of the same group (work and expression  Collocation and navigation

21. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships (between different groups) Work  Person Expression  Person Manifestation  Corporate body Item  Corporate body Concept  Work Created by Translated by Produced by Owned by Is subject of

22. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships (within a group)  Work to work  Successor  Supplement  Complement  Summarization  Adaptation  Transformation  Imitation  Work to work  Whole/part

23. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Used by permission of William Denton

24. OCLC Online Computer Library Center “But … Why Do I Care?”

25. OCLC Online Computer Library Center When Card Catalogs Ruled the World …  Filing rules  Filing titles  Cross-references  Guide cards

26. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Objectives of Catalogs  Cutter’s Objectives for the Catalog (1876)  Finding  Collocating  Paris Principles (1961)  Finding  Collocating  New draft International Principles http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/statement_draft.pdf

27. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR Can Do for You 1.Clearer understanding of why we do what we do

28. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Shifting to Online Catalogs  Lots of gains …  Keyword searching  Access to more of the bibliographic record  Integrated authority control  … but some losses  Collocation  Navigation

29. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR Can Do for You 1.Clearer understanding of why we do what we do 2.Better collocation and navigation

30. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships “The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions.”

31. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Making Relationships  Uniform titles  Not consistently applied over time  Not consistently applied to all materials  Role and function identifiers  Not consistently applied  Buried in “natural language”

32. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR Can Do for You 1.Clearer understanding of why we do what we do 2.Better collocation and navigation 3.Clearer, more useful relationships

33. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Scenario A - Now Authority Bibliographic Holding Item Work/ Expression Uniform Title Concept Manifestation Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title

34. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Scenario B Work/ Expression Uniform Title Manifestation Authority Bibliographic Holding Concept Item Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title

35. OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR Can Do for You 1.Clearer understanding of why we do what we do 2.Better collocation and navigation 3.Clearer, more useful relationships 4.More controlled, authoritative information for productivity

36. OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Activities at OCLC Eric Childress Consulting Project Manager OCLC Research eric_childress@oclc.org I-6

37. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Overview -- Using FRBR  FRBR Metrics  WorldCat  “Google 5” Study  Top 1000  FRBR Applied  xISBN  FictionFinder  FirstSearch  Open WorldCat

38. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Worldcat (FRBR stats) Manifestations Works Items (est: holdings*1.5) 59,879,322 47,423,810 1,531,400,969 35,372,459 28,542,021 1,194,751,352 Total Print books

39. Works with 1 manifestation: 87% Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 12% Works with > 5 manifestations: 1% Works with 1 manifestation: 43% of total holdings Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 40% of total holdings Works with > 5 manifestations: 17% of total holdings Manifestations By Holdings Works in WorldCat

40. OCLC Online Computer Library Center From “Anatomy of Aggregate Collections: The Example of Google Print for Libraries” Brian Lavoie, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Lorcan Dempsey in D-Lib (Sept 2005) [link]link Study of the“Google 5” libraries’ collections: Harvard University, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the New York Public Library

41. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Top 10 works in WC by holdings #10 from OCLC Top 1000OCLC Top 1000 #1

42. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Sample FRBR implementations  OCLC Research  xISBN  FictionFinder  OCLC Products  Open WorldCat  FirstSearch  FRBR applications from other sources

43. OCLC Online Computer Library Center xISBN  OCLC Research prototype  Reveals all ISBNs associated with individual works in WorldCat  Web service:  URL syntax query (submit an ISBN)  Simple XML response (all ISBNs in workset)  Ex: Dune http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/0 441172717 http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/0 441172717  Users:  Various, loosely-coupled look-it-up applications  Copyright Clearance Center  OCLC Research team:  Thom Hickey (lead)  Jenny Toves  Jeff Young

44. xISBN server returns list of ISBNs for a given work (in this case, Dune by Frank Herbert)

45. OCLC Online Computer Library Center FictionFinder  OCLC Research prototypeprototype  Supports searching & browsing of fiction materials cataloged in WorldCat  Fiction records — 2.8 million  Unique works — 1.4 million  Total holdings — 130 million  Employs FRBR to:  Build a “work” view & cluster related records  Support the creation of special indexes  OCLC Research team:  Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead)  Roger Thompson  Carol Hickey  J.D. Shipengrover  New version:  Available later in 2006  Improved navigation & work- based displays

48. A “work” record

49. Individual WorldCat records attached to the FRBR “work”

50. A “manifestation” – i.e. an individual WorldCat record

51. OCLC Online Computer Library Center  Exposes library-owned materials – i.e. records from WorldCat – to search engines  Users discover library resources via Google, etc.  Library holdings & links to library OPACs display  Additional services such as virtual reference options, etc. may appear  “Worldcat.org” will upgrade search interface & add other features to allow searching all 70M+ WorldCat records and more  FRBR-inspired clustering is exposed in the “Editions” tab  “Like” language items are grouped together as a pseudo-work  Formats, editions, etc. are displayed  Graphical icons help users quickly see which formats are available

57. OCLC Online Computer Library Center FirstSearch WorldCat FRBR  Prototype of planned OCLC Production version of WorldCat on the OCLC FirstSearch platform  FRBR-inspired clustering of search results  Groups all editions expressed in a given language  Pilot testing underway  Production release sometime in 2006…

58. OCLC Online Computer Library Center [kw: harry potter goblet fire] Currently in FirstSearch WorldCat

59. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Comparing current FS with FRBR-inspired version [kw: harry potter goblet fire]

60. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire bottom of multi-version record manifestations

61. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Selecting Large Print within that record

62. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Other FRBR tools, activities, etc.  AusLit http://www.austlit.edu.au/about/metadatahttp://www.austlit.edu.au/about/metadata  LC FRBR Display Tool http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc- functional-analysis/tool.html http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc- functional-analysis/tool.html  RLG’s RedLightGreen http://www.redlightgreen.org/http://www.redlightgreen.org/  thingISBN http://www.librarything.com/thingology/2006/06/introducing- thingisbn_14.php http://www.librarything.com/thingology/2006/06/introducing- thingisbn_14.php  VisualCat (Denmark) http://www.portia.dk/pubs/VisualCat/Present/VisualCatOvervi ew20050607.pdf http://www.portia.dk/pubs/VisualCat/Present/VisualCatOvervi ew20050607.pdf  VTLS http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtmlhttp://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml

63. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Resources

64. OCLC Online Computer Library Center IFLA-related FRBR resources  IFLA FRBR Review Group http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/wgfrbr.htm  Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ; Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. Münich : K.G. Saur, 1998. viii, 136 pages. ISBN 3-598-11382-X also online: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htmhttp://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm FRBR Bibliography: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/bibliography.htm FRBR in 21st century catalogues (Workshop held at OCLC) http://www.oclc.org/research/events/frbr-workshop Statement of International Cataloguing Principles http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/statement-draft_jan05.pdf

65. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Additional resources  FRBR Blog http://www.frbr.org/http://www.frbr.org/  Boston, Tony, Bemal Rajapatirana and Roxanne Missingham “Libraries Australia: Simplifying the Search Experience” (2005)  http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2005/boston1.ht ml http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2005/boston1.ht ml  Bowen, Jennifer. “FRBR: Coming Soon to Your Library?” Library Resources and Technical Services 49, no. 3 (July 2005), p. 175-188

66. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Additional resources (cont’)  Maurer, Margaret. “Before You Attend the Workshop: FRBR and the Future,” TechKNOW 10, no. 4 (March 2004).  http://www.library.kent.edu/files/TechKNOWMarch2004.pdf http://www.library.kent.edu/files/TechKNOWMarch2004.pdf  Tillett, Barbara, What is FRBR?: A Conceptual Model for the Bibliographic Universe (2004)  http://www.loc.gov/cds/FRBR.html http://www.loc.gov/cds/FRBR.html  Denton, William. “FRBR and Fundamental Cataloguing Rules.” (2003)  http://www.miskatonic.org/library/frbr.html http://www.miskatonic.org/library/frbr.html

67. OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC FRBR-related activities  OCLC Resarch FRBR page: http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/ http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/  OCLC Research projects:  Audience Level http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/audiencehttp://www.oclc.org/research/projects/audience  Curiouser http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/curiouserhttp://www.oclc.org/research/projects/curiouser  OCLC FRBR Algorithm http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/algorithm.htm http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/algorithm.htm  Fiction Finder http://fictionfinder.oclc.org/http://fictionfinder.oclc.org/  xISBN http://www.oclc.org/research/researchworks/xisbn/http://www.oclc.org/research/researchworks/xisbn/  Top 1000 titles http://www.oclc.org/research/top1000http://www.oclc.org/research/top1000  OCLC production services:  Open WorldCat http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/openhttp://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open  FRBR-inspired FirstSearch WorldCat (coming in 2006)

68. OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC Research Presentations on FRBR  Diane Vizine-Goetz FictionFinder: Don Quixote to Graphic Novels (PPT:1.4MB/24slides) WebWise 2006, 17 February 2006, Los Angeles,California (USA) FictionFinder: Don Quixote to Graphic Novels WebWise 2006  Eric Childress What's FRBR? (PowerPoint:1.1MB/43 slides) Central Ohio Chapter, American Society of Information Science & Technology, 21 July 2005, Columbus, Ohio (USA) What's FRBR?  Brian Lavoie and Roger C. Schonfeld (Ithaka) A Systemwide View of Library Collections (PowerPoint:300K/35slides) CNI Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting, 4-5 April 2005, Washington, DC (USA) A Systemwide View of Library Collections CNI Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting  Thom Hickey FRBR: Algorithms and Applications (PowerPoint:1.17MB/40slides) California Library Association pre-conference Institute, 12 November 2004, San Jose, California (USA) FRBR: Algorithms and Applications  Edward T. O'Neill Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: OCLC's Experience Identifying and Using Works (PowerPoint:26MB/35 slides) FRBR Workshop, 8–9 July 2004, Frankfurt (Germany) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: OCLC's Experience Identifying and Using Works

69. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Other resources  OCLC Reports  http://www.oclc.org/reports http://www.oclc.org/reports  OCLC Research  http://www.oclc.org/research http://www.oclc.org/research  OCLC-related blogs:  Lorcan Dempsey http://orweblog.oclc.orghttp://orweblog.oclc.org  Thom Hickey http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoinghttp://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing  Stu Weibel http://weibel-lines.typepad.comhttp://weibel-lines.typepad.com  It’s All Good http://scanblog.blogspot.comhttp://scanblog.blogspot.com

70. OCLC Online Computer Library Center Glenn Patton pattong@oclc.org For more information please contact: Thank You – Questions? Eric Childress eric_childress@oclc.org

71. OCLC Online Computer Library Center