1. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Alderfer E.R.G. Theory Hertzberg – 2 Factor Theory

2. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Physiological Needs This includes basic survival needs such as food, water, air and the means to survive. Maslow Abraham Maslow put forward the proposition that there are levels of need, each of which is dominant until it is satisfied; only then does the next level of need become a motivating factor.

3. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Maslow Safety Needs This includes personal protection from physical dangers & also less obvious threats such as redundancy. Physiological Needs

4. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Maslow Affiliation Needs Needs include affection, sense of belonging and social aspects like friendships & social activities. Physiological Needs Safety Needs Affiliation Needs

5. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Maslow Affiliation Needs Esteem Needs Physiological Needs Safety Needs Esteem Needs These include self respect and the respect of others, also status, recognition and appreciation.

6. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Maslow Physiological Needs Safety Needs Affiliation Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualisation This is about being given the opportunity to develop to your full potential & will be different for every individual

7. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Alderfer Existence RelatednessGrowth Alderfer proposed three principle needs - Existence [E], Relatedness [R] and Growth [G]. Alderfer' s theory is often presented as a refinement of Maslow's Hierarchy. A criticism of Maslow is that the hierarchical nature does not allow for fluidity between levels, nor accounts for the fact that frustrations at one level may lead to a regression to the level below. Although, like Maslow, he considered that people move in a linear way from one stage to another, he regarded the stages as part of a continuum rather than a hierarchy and allowed for the frustration of needs and possible regression physiological security social esteem self- actualisation Existence Relatedness Growth

8. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Hertzberg Salary Security Status Working Conditions Supervision “Hygiene Factors" "Motivating Factors" His “Two Factor” theory suggested that things which prevent dissatisfaction are not the same as things which create satisfaction. He suggested that when people are dissatisfied [de-motivated] with their work it is usually because of discontent with environmental factors. He called these factors “Hygiene Factors" because, at best, they prevent or minimise dissatisfaction but do not give satisfaction - in the same way that good hygiene prevents threats to health but does not in itself give good health. "Motivating Factors" on the other hand, create job satisfaction and can motivate an individual to superior performance and effort. Hygiene Factors

9. Created by Joan Walker – Curriculum Development Officer – JISC RSC Scotland South & West Hertzberg “Hygiene Factors" "Motivating Factors" His “Two Factor” theory suggested that things which prevent dissatisfaction are not the same as things which create satisfaction. He suggested that when people are dissatisfied [de-motivated] with their work it is usually because of discontent with environmental factors. He called these factors “Hygiene Factors" because, at best, they prevent or minimise dissatisfaction but do not give satisfaction - in the same way that good hygiene prevents threats to health but does not in itself give good health. "Motivating Factors" on the other hand, create job satisfaction and can motivate an individual to superior performance and effort. Motivating Factors Achievement Advancement Growth Recognition Responsibility Type of Work