1. Doctor-Patient Relationship and Initial Patient Interview
Michael Blumenfield, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry - NYMC
Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry
Director of C/L Psychiatry - Westchester Medical Center

3. “...Some patients, though conscious that their condition is perilous, recover their health simply through their contentment with the goodness of the physician.”
Hippocrates
Precepts, Chapter I

4. Placebo Effect
Placebo Effect is a combination of a psychological expectation blended with a neurochemical response that transforms an anticipated effect into a real effect

5. Placebo Effect
The Placebo Effect can positively or negatively effect pain, swelling, GI, CV, GU responses, mental state and side effects of treatment

6. Placebo Response
At least % of patients have been shown to respond to treatment with placebo
Placebo pain response can be blocked by naloxone which suggests it is mediated by the endogenous opioid system

7. Transference
Expectation, beliefs and emotional responses that the patient brings to the doctor-patient relationship based on important relationships in the patient’s past

8. Positive Transference
Patient views doctor as good and has confidence in his or her ability
Can lead to over idealization and tremendous disappointment when doctor can’t solve all problems or is not always available

9. Positive Transference
Idealization of the the doctor can lead to having sexual feelings toward the doctor

10. Negative Transference
Patient views doctor as harsh punitive parent or authoritative figure who doesn’t care about well being and patient may be non-compliant

11. Negative Transference
Patient with experience with untrustworthy parent may seek many consultations and may be provocative to doctors

12. Countertransference
Refers to doctor’s reaction towards patient based on their own earlier experience

13. Countertransference
Doctors can feel guilty when they are unable to help patient
Doctor may have feelings towards patient who remind them of close relative or friend
Doctor may minimize the severity of another physician’s illness

14. Models of Doctor Patient Relationship

16. Doctor-Patient Relationship Alternative Models

19. Empathy
The ability to momentarily experience the the feelings of another person ( put yourself in another person’s place)

20. Empathy -Components
Transiently experience feelings of the patient and use those feelings to gain understanding of the the patient’s subjective experience
Communication of that understanding to the patient

21. Empathy-Techniques of Learning
Intuitive - Reflect on emotions when with patient
Cognitive - Ask self how would I feel in patient’s situation
Cognitive- Relate to similar situation in own life ( ie. threat to you or a parent)

22. Empathy- Examples of empathic responses
You seem understandably upset with how things are going
It must have been very painful after the injury until you received pain medication
I am sorry (when learning of death of family member or friend of patient)

23. The Interview Process The Interview Process INE HRAA-VF- WAY5 To MAV WE mvF- WAY5TOMA14F- ~ WE RA.VF-
Clinical Interview

24. Clinical Interview Be Polite Introduce yourself to patient
Make the patient comfortable
Initial Question-Invite the patient to tell you how he or she came to be in the hospital (chief complaint )

25. Clinical Interview
Listen to patient- Don’t interrupt patient especially at the beginning of the interview
Begin each topic with open ended question and close with detailed specific question

26. Clinical Interview
Pay attention to patient’s associations so you can return later to get more information
Be empathic- Respond to patient’s emotional reactions

27. Usual Order of Interview
Chief Complaint
History of Present Illness-
Elaborate all aspects of symptoms
Aggravating factors
Alleviating factors
Associated manifestations
Past Illness
Review of Systems

28. Usual Order of Interview
Mental Status Exam ( especially in psychiatric patients )

30. Let’s Go To The Video Tape !!!

31. Doctor-Patient Relationship and Initial Patient Interview
Michael Blumenfield, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry - NYMC
Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry
Director of C/L Psychiatry - Westchester Medical Center