1. Patient Assessment Vital part of patient care Goal is to do no harm but to return the patient to normal functional life.

2. The primary survey is a rapid initial assessment to detect life-threatening conditions

3. The secondary survey is a hands- on assessment to detect potentially life- threatening conditions

4. Primary Assessment  Safety  Airway  Breathing  Circulation

5. Scene Safety  Safety is focused on the well-being of the ECP  protective gloves are always indicated  Eye protection, protective clothing  if scene involves hazardous material do not enter.  A dead HERO can not safe life

6. Airway management  Measure the airway from corner of patient jaw to the corner of mouth  Open mouth chin-lift-head tilt technique. (medical) (jaw thrust trauma )

7. Airway management (cont)  ensure airway is clean  Insert airway upside down and rotate 180 degrees.

8. Breathing  Determine is in normal parameters  Check for character  Determine good audible sounds bilateral

9. Circulation  Check for character of pulse  Rate  Rhythm

10. Secondary Survey  Baseline vital signs  SAMPLE History  Blood glucose  Reflexes  Glasco Coma Score

11. Vital signs  Key signs used to evaluate the patient’s general condition  The first set = baseline vital signs  Status of these systems serves as your guideline for EVALUATING and MEASURING the P condition

12. SAMPLE history  Signs & symptoms of the episode  Allergies  Medications  Pertinent past history  Last oral intake  Events leading to injury

13. Blood Glucose  Any patient GCS under 15 compulsory to check glucose level.

14. Reflexes and GCS  The Glasco Coma Scale is of huge importance when evaluating patient in the pre- hospital setting.

15. Identify Dangerous Situations at the Scene

16. Look for following dangers before stepping out of unit :  Oncoming traffic  Unstable surface (loose gravel, slopes)  Leaking gasoline  Downed electrical lines  Hostile bystanders  Toxic materials

17. How do you obtain information at the scene of an accident?

18.  Bystanders can be a good source for information  Your senses, smell and look.

19. The Head-to-toe survey

20. The Head-to-toe assessment is best demonstrated practical

21. What sort of equipment should you have to perform the secondary survey?  Sphygmomanometer  Stethoscope  Penlight torch  Scissors