103. Prepared by Michael K. McCuddy Valparaiso University
Presentation Slides to Accompany Organizational Behavior 10th Edition Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr.
Chapter 7—Managing Individual Stress
Prepared by
Michael K. McCuddy
Valparaiso University

104. Slide 7.1 Learning Objectives for Managing Individual Stress
Explain the concept of stress and stressors and a person’s response to stress
Discuss the relationship between personality and stress
State the primary sources of stress in organizations
Describe the effects of stress on health and job performance
Identify individual and organizational practices for managing stress
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

105. Slide 7.2 The Relationship Between Stressors and Experienced Stress
Influenced by the Person’s:
Perceptions
Stressors from the Environment
Past Experiences
Stress Experienced by the Person
Social Support
Individual Differences
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

106. Slide 7.3 Behavioral Tendencies of the Type A Personality
Time urgency
Competitiveness and hostility
Polyphasic behavior
Lack of planning
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

107. Slide 7.4 Characteristics of the Hardy Personality
Feeling a sense of commitment
Responding to each difficulty as a challenge and an opportunity
Having a sense of control over one’s life
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

108. Slide 7.5 Sources of Work Stressors and Experienced Stress
Influenced by the Employee’s:
Workload
Perceptions
Stress Experienced by the Employee
Job Conditions
Past Experiences
Role Conflict and Ambiguity
Social Support
Career Development
Individual Differences
Interpersonal Relations
Aggressive Behavior
Conflict Between Work and Other Roles
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

109. Slide 7.6 Stressors and Work–Family Conflict
Triggers Possible Outcomes
Stressors
Creates
Leads to
Work and Family Stress on Employee
Work Versus Family
Work–Family Conflicts
Dissatisfaction
Frustration
Depression
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

110. Slide 7.7 Stressful Events for College Students
High Stress Events
Moderate Stress Events
Low Stress Events
* Academic probation
* Death of parent
* Change in
eating habits
* Change of major
* Death of spouse
* Change in
sleeping habits
* Death of close friend
* Divorce
* Failing important course
* Change in social
activities
* Flunking out
* Finding a new love interest
* Unwed pregnancy
* Conflict with
instructor
* Loss of financial aid
* Lower grades
than expected
* Major injury or illness
* Parents’ divorce
* Serious arguments with
romantic partner
* Outstanding achievement
Source: Adapted from Baron, R. A., and Byrne, D. Social Psychology: Understanding
Human Interaction, 6th ed. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1991, 573.
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

111. Slide 7.8 Effects of Stress
Physiological effects
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, sweating, hot and cold spells, etc.
Emotional effects
Anger, anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, etc.
Behavioral effects
Poor performance, absenteeism, high accident rates, high turnover rates, etc.
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

112. Slide 7.9 Health Impacts of Stress
Health problems
Coronary heart disease, back pain, headaches, etc.
Impact on the organization
Increased health insurance costs and lost work days
Over 75% of industrial accidents are rooted in stress
Stress-related workers’ compensation claims
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

113. Slide 7.10 Typical Relationship Between Performance and Stress
Too Little Stress
Optimum Stress
Excessive Stress
High
(excellent)
Performance
Level of
Low
(poor)
Low
Amount of Stress
High
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

114. Slide 7.11 Components and Characteristics of Burnout
State of emotional exhaustion
Depersonalization of individuals
Feelings of low personal accomplishment
Characteristics:
Experiences high stress from work-related stressors
Idealistic and self-motivating achievers
Often seek unattainable goals
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

115. Slide 7.12 Individual Stress Management Initiatives
Designed to eliminate or control sources of stress and improve the person’s ability to cope
A person can manage stress by:
Planning ahead and practicing good time management
Having good personal health management practices
Maintaining a positive perspective
Balancing work life and personal life
Learning a relaxation technique
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

116. Slide 7.13 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives
Designed to:
Identify and modify or eliminate work stressors
Help employees modify perception of work stress
Help employees cope with the consequences of stress
Organizations can manage stress by:
Reducing work stressors
Modifying behaviors
Creating wellness programs
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

117. Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress
Slide 7.14 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives for Reducing Stressors
Improvements in the physical work environment
Job design
Changes in workloads and deadlines
Changes in work schedules, more flexible hours, and sabbaticals
Increased employee participation
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

118. Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress
Slide 7.15 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives for Modifying Behaviors
Team building
Career counseling and other employee assistance programs
Time management workshops
Job burnout workshops
Training in relaxation techniques
Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress