1. Renaissance Art and Architecture

2. 2 Background 1050–1350 Population growth Economic development City-states 1200–late 1500s Artistic achievements Giovanni Bellini, Sacra Conversazione

3. 3 Renaissance Italy

4. 4 Florence

5. 5 Intellectual Developments Humanism Revival of antiquity Importance of the individual Celebration of humanity Secular/worldly focus The Birth of Venus by Botticelli

6. 6 Renaissance Art: Techniques and Themes Increasing focus on secular rather than religious subjects Realistic-looking figures and scenes Perspective/depth Sense of movement, activity Symmetry/ proportionality

7. Italian Renaissance Artists 7 Masaccio Raphael Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo

8. 8 Renaissance Sculpture Classical influences Realistic-looking faces Symmetry/proportionality Sense of movement/activity

9. 9 Renaissance Architecture Classical influences Mathematical harmony The circle

10. 10 Changes in Literature More secular, less religious Focused on “Ideals”: ideal ruler, gentleman, state Use of vernacular Wrote for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects

11. 11 Italian Renaissance Writers Dante PetrarchBoccaccio Castiglione Machiavelli

12. 12 Northern Renaissance Ideas of the Renaissance Spread north to France, England, and Flanders (modern-day Benelux area) They spread as a result of scholars and students as well as trade and war.

13. 13 Comparison between Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance Because of a lack of middle class, monarchs and nobles were patrons of the arts instead of merchants More interested in religious/Christian themes, ideas and values However, like the Italian Renaissance, they still valued individualism and classical learning (Greek and Roman works)

14. 14 Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art Highly realistic More subtle colors Christian Symbolism Ex. Arnolfini Marriage by Jan van Eyck

15. 15 The Northern Renaissance Artists Albrecht Durer Hans Holbein the Younger Jan van Eyck Pieter Bruegel

16. 16 Northern Renaissance Writing Humanism-focus on human potential and achievements belief that human was good versus sinful Shakespeare- English, wrote in vernacular, drew from the classics Rabelais- French, wrote in vernacular, believed humans were essentially good. Sir Thomas More - English, wrote in Latin, put to death Erasmus – Dutch, wrote in Latin, strongly Christian even though he makes fun on the church, believed in Christianity of the heart. Chaucer – English, wrote in vernacular, his most famous work Canterbury Tales is about a pilgrimage to a sacred shrine.

17. 17 The Printing Press Printing occurred in China and Korea first Inventor and Printer Johann Gutenberg was first in Western Europe The Bible was the first book printed

18. 18 Effects of the Printing Press With the invention of the printing press: Increase in the number of books (and use of vernacular), so books were less expensive Encouraged literacy and learning New ideas spread quickly People formed their own opinions about religion (people had a Bible to read)

19. 19 End of the Renaissance Ushered in the “Modern Era” The belief in the dignity and worth of the individual played a key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideals A spirit of inquiry (questioning) was present and influenced religion (Reformation), exploration (Age of Exploration), science and politics (Enlightenment)