1. OPTIMA OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management The Case of the Gediz River in Turkey 18-19 May 2006 Gumpoldskirchen

2. OPTIMA 2 Gediz Basin Izmir Istanbul Population: 1.700.000 Extent: 17600 km 2 Current water demand Agriculture 39 mm (695 MCM) Industry 3 mm (54 MCM) Environ.Wetl and 0.2 mm (3.6 MCM) Domestic 7.4 mm (133 MCM Current water supply Surface 52 mm (940 MCM) Ground 9 mm (160 MCM) Treated Not Available Rainfall 700 mm Water Supply: 1100 MCM 647 m 3 per capita Water Demand: 886 MCM 521 m 3 per capita

3. OPTIMA 3 LAKES, RESERVOIRS and WEIRS

4. OPTIMA 4 Demographic Change Basin Population +1.5 % /year [1 100 000(1970)1 700 000 (2000)] Urban population +2% /year Rural population -0.7% /year INTERNAL MIGRATION RURAL TO URBAN: RAPID URBANIZATION

5. OPTIMA 5 Land Use Change UUrban Areas+2% /year IIndustrial Areas+10% /year 335% increase in urban and industrial areas in 13 YEARS! INCREASING WATER DEMAND: COMPETITION AMONG USERS Industrial Areas Kemalpasa Manisa Menemen

6. OPTIMA 6 KEY ISSUES PHYSICAL CONDITIONS: - Watershed Degradation - Water Scarcity - Droughts WATER MANAGEMENT: - Education and Awareness - Institutional Framework: - Institutional Responsibilities - Active Participation

7. OPTIMA 7 WATER DEMAND: - Agriculture - Surface Water Demands - Groundwater Demands - Industry: - Surface Water Pollution by Industry WATER SUPPLY: - Quality: - Surface Water Quality - Groundwater Quality - Infrastructures: - Sanitation: Sewers and Treatment KEY ISSUES

8. OPTIMA 8  Domestic demand0.15 mm/year, 2%  Industrial demand0.3 mm/year, 10% KEY ISSUES Supply (61mm) Demand (49.6mm)

9. OPTIMA 9 Discharges Water Quality  60% ofSurface Water  30%ofGround Water “POLLUTED, USE WITH CARE!!” W. Q. CLASS IV (acc. Turkish W.Q.C. Standards)

10. OPTIMA 10

11. OPTIMA 11 GIS DATA (WP05) (Composite, LANDSAT)

12. OPTIMA 12 GIS DATA (WP05) (DEM, SRTM)

13. OPTIMA 13 GIS DATA (WP05) (River Network)

14. OPTIMA 14 GIS DATA (WP05) (Settlements)

15. OPTIMA 15 GIS DATA (WP05) (Road Network)

16. OPTIMA 16 GIS DATA (WP05) (Flow Stations)

17. OPTIMA 17 GIS DATA (WP05) (Meteo. Stations)

18. OPTIMA 18 GIS DATA (WP05) (Landuse)

19. OPTIMA 19 Topological View of the Recent Baseline Gediz Scenario Demirkopru Buldan Marmara Lake Alasehir Irrig. Ahmetli Irrig. Adala Irrig. Menemen Irrig. Wetland Nif Tributary Kumcay Tributary Gordes Tributary Afsar Bay of Izmir

20. OPTIMA 20 RESERVOIRS AFSAR BULDAN MARMARA DEMIRKOPRU Bay of Izmir YIGITLER? GORDES?

21. OPTIMA 21 River Basin Objects Reservoirs: 1) Demirkopru: supplies irrigation water, flood prevention, energy production during the irrigation season. 2) Afsar: provides irrigation water to Alasehir lowlands. 3) Buldan: provides irrigation water to Alasehir lowlands. 4) Marmara Lake 5) Gordes (under construction): supplies domestic water for the city of Izmir in addition to providing irrigation water within the basin. 6) Yigitler (under construction): supplies industrial water for the industrial district of Kemalpasa. WATERWARE STUDIES

22. OPTIMA 22 Alasehir Irrig. Ahmetli Irrig. Adala Irrig. Menemen Irrig. Wetland Bay of Izmir Kemalpasa Ind. Zone Manisa Org. Ind. Zone Menemen Leather Ind. Comlekci Adala Ahmetli Emiralem IRRIG. DISTRICTS,WEIRS,IND. ZONES and WETLAND

23. OPTIMA 23 River Basin Objects Irrigation Districts : 1) Adala Left Bank 2) Adala Right Bank 3) Ahmetli Left Bank 4) Ahmetli Right Bank 5) Menemen Left Bank 6) Menemen Right Bank 7) Sarigol 8) Alasehir Diversions: 1)Adala Weir 2)Ahmetli Weir 3)Emiralem Weir 4)Buldan Weir 5)Comlekci Weir Industrial Districts: 1)Manisa Ind. Zone 2)Kemalpasa Ind. Zone 3)Memenen Leather Ind. Wetland: 1)Izmir Bird Paradise

24. OPTIMA 24 Irrigation District Area (ha) (min-max) Cotton (%) Maize (%) Grape (%) Vegetables (%) Fruits (%) Cereals (%) Adala Left Bank Irr. 5100-7000030635-2 Adala Right Bank Irr. 5500-66002530403-2 Ahmetli Left Bank Irr. 13000-161005186359- Ahmetli Right Bank Irr. 12500-170001725544-- Menemen Left Bank Irr. 13000-1420056253529 Menemen Right Bank Irr. 4900-58003026718415 Sarigol Irr.890-1100--100--- Alasehir Irr. 6800-8400--100---

25. OPTIMA 25 Crop Yield (kg/ha)Average Price (EU/kg) Cotton4027.50.68 Grape48050.88 Maize80350.17 Vegetables264600.39 Cereals6367.50.34 Fruits?? Water Supply Ratio (%)Decrease in Yield (%) 804 708 6015 5023 Yields and Average Farmer’s Prices of Crops

26. OPTIMA 26 District BOD loads (kg/day) Industrial Kemalpasa Industrial Zone4255 Manisa Org. Ind. Zone8667 Menemen Leather Industrial4833 Daily BOD Loads of Industrial Discharges Source: Nen Eng.&Cons., December 2001

27. OPTIMA 27 SUBCATCHMENTS and SETTLEMENTS Turgutlu Alasehir Salihli Golmarmara Saruhanli Menemen Kemalpasa Akhisar Ahmetli Bay of Izmir Buldan AfsarDeliinis Gordes Medar Yigitler Nif

28. OPTIMA 28 River Basin Objects Settlements : 1) Manisa (Gov. Centre) 2) Akhisar 3) Salihli 4) Turgutlu 5) Kemalpasa 6) Menemen 7) Saruhanli 8) Alasehir 9) Izmir 10) Golmarmara 11) Ahmetli Subcatchments: 1)Demirkopru Upstream 2)Buldan Upstream 3)Afsar Upstream 4)Medar 5)Nif 6)Gordes 7)Yigitler Aquifers: 1)Salihli-Turgutlu 2)Menemen 3)Sarikiz 4)Alasehir

29. OPTIMA 29 Name of the Settlement1990 Pop.2000 Pop.qHY, l/ca/day **m3/daym3/s Akhisar7394481510170138570.16 Salihli7086183137170141330.16 Turgutlu7363493727170159340.18 Manisa, Center158928214345200428690.50 Kemalpasa163542544810025450.03 Menemen290064607912055290.06 Saruhanli129771302510013030.02 Golmarmara109761120510011210.01 Alasehir366493959012047510.05 Ahmetli101901101110011010.01 PopulationqHY, l/ca/day 5 000 - 10 00080 10 000 - 30 000100 30 000 - 50 000120 50 000 - 100 000170 > 100 000200 ** Values from Bank of Provinces Domestic Demand of Settlements

30. OPTIMA 30 Municipality BOD loads (kg/day) Salihli2772 Menemen1115 Golmarmara379 Turgutlu3100 Alasehir1093 Saruhanli2247 Akhisar1866 Ahmetli1321 Manisa2222 Kemalpasa712 BOD Loads of Domestic Returns of Settlements Source: Nen Eng.&Cons., December 2001

31. OPTIMA 31 The aquifers identified in WaterWare (WRM) and their parameters. The Name of the Aquifer ParameterAlasehirMenemen Salihli- Turgutlu Sarikiz Area (km2)9403001200600 Average depth (m)80 9080 Porosity (%)15 Percolation loss coefficient 0000 Deg. day coefficient1e-05 Recharge coefficient0.75 0.700.65

32. OPTIMA 32 WaterWare Modeling Studies Water Budget

33. OPTIMA 33

34. OPTIMA 34

35. OPTIMA 35

36. OPTIMA 36

37. OPTIMA 37

38. OPTIMA 38

39. OPTIMA 39 RESERVOIRS INVESTMENTS AFSAR BULDAN MARMARA DEMIRKOPRU Bay of Izmir YIGITLER? GORDES?

40. OPTIMA 40 WaterWare Modeling Studies Water Quality

41. OPTIMA 41

42. OPTIMA 42

43. OPTIMA 43 Kemalpasa Ind.and Dom. Discharges

44. OPTIMA 44 Pollution Sources emphasized in Stakeholder meeting: Kemalpasa Industrial District Kemalpasa Industrial District Kemalpasa Municipality’s domestic discharge Kemalpasa Municipality’s domestic discharge Salihli, Akhisar, Turgutlu, Ahmetli Municipalities have treatment plants but they are not operated properly… Salihli, Akhisar, Turgutlu, Ahmetli Municipalities have treatment plants but they are not operated properly…

45. OPTIMA 45 Economic Data Compilation

46. OPTIMA 46 Irrigation Districts Capital Cost (€/yearly) Fixed O/M Costs (€/yearly) Fixed O/M Costs (€/monthly) Use Benefit (€/m3) Shortfall Cost (€/m3) Adala Left Bank Irr. ??253091210910.620.3 Adala Right Bank Irr. ??140593117160.480.23 Ahmetli Left Bank Irr. ??306447255370.770.32 Ahmetli Right Bank Irr. ??479559399630.50.23 Menemen Left Bank Irr. ??376867314060.320.12 Menemen Right Bank Irr. ??192484160400.450.14 Sarigol Irr. ??4131034420.590.22 Alasehir Irr. ??289283241071.10.43 *** The operational costs of diversion structures are considered in fixed o/m costs BASIC ECO-DATA OF IRRIGATION DISTRICTS

47. OPTIMA 47 BASIC ECO-DATA OF IRRIGATION DISTRICTS Acatay, 2001; E. Hansen et. al.

48. OPTIMA 48 BASIC ECO-DATA OF IRRIGATION DISTRICTS Supply/Demand (daily) Yield decrease Average Yield Decrease Water Supply Ratio (%)Decrease in Yield (%) 804 708 6015 5023 Source: Akinci, 2004; Min. of Aggriculture and Rural Affaires

49. OPTIMA 49 BASIC ECO-DATA OF IRRIGATION DISTRICTS Calculation of “Use Benefit” and “Shortfall Cost”: Use benefit = Yield (kg/ha) x Market price (€/kg) x Area (ha) / Demand (m 3 ) Shortfall Cost; Expected irrigation income through irrigation (EII)= (Total expected income) x 0.6 (without irrigation crops still yield!, the figure may be argued) The real income increase (RII) = EII x (relative yield reduction due to limited irr.) Shortfall of income = EII – RII Shortfall Cost = (EII – RII) / (Total Demand - Total Supply)

50. OPTIMA 50 Settlements Capital Cost (€/yearly) Fixed O/M Costs (€/yearly) Fixed O/M Costs (€/monthly) Use Benefit (€/m3) Shortfall Cost (€/m3) Akhisar?? Almost 60% of Collected Fees 1 Salihli??1 Turgutlu??1 Manisa, Center??1.5 Kemalpasa??0.8 Menemen??0.8 Saruhanli??0.4 Golmarmara??0.4 Alasehir??0.6 Ahmetli??0.6 BASIC ECO-DATA OF SETTLEMENTS

51. OPTIMA 51 RESERVOIRS INVESTMENTS AFSAR BULDAN MARMARA DEMIRKOPRU Bay of Izmir YIGITLER?

52. OPTIMA 52 COSTS INCOME YIGITLER DAM ANNUAL INV (€/year) O/M (€/year) ELECTRICITY (€/year) Exp. INCOME (€ /year) DAM2,531,851149,975 IRRIGATION1,014,431316,909 1,799,32 6 IND. WATER SUPPLY541,219115,145518,358 24,113,9 63 TREATMENT597,393124,912 RESERVOIRS INVESTMENTS

53. OPTIMA 53 RESERVOIRS INVESTMENTS AFSAR BULDAN MARMARA DEMIRKOPRU Bay of Izmir GORDES?

54. OPTIMA 54 RESERVOIRS INVESTMENTS COSTS INCOME GORDES DAM (€/year) ANNUAL INV (€/year) O/M (€/year) ELECTRICITY (€/year) INCOME (€/m 3 ) DAM87,373,043597,450 IRRIGATION7,477,6861,382,716 DOM. WATER SUPPLY7,660,81976,608 1 to 1.5

55. OPTIMA 55 TREATMENT PLANT INVESTMENTS Treatment plant (s) for KEMALPASA INDUSTRIAL ZONE: Annual Investment Cost (Capital Cost): 90 924 €/year Fixed O/M Cost : 19012 €/year

56. OPTIMA 56 PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC RESULTS OF 1991 BASELINE SCENARIO

57. OPTIMA 57 INTRODUCED WATER TECHNOLOGIES TO DB

58. OPTIMA 58 INTRODUCED WATER TECHNOLOGIES TO DB

59. OPTIMA 59 INTRODUCED WATER TECHNOLOGIES TO DB

60. OPTIMA 60 WORKS IN PROGRESS  The O/M data of existing reservoirs have been demanded from DSI,  The income, shortfall and O/M costs for settlements’ water distribution system have been demanded from IZSU,  The results of “Issues Questionaire” analysis are expected from FEEM.

61. OPTIMA 61 WORKS TO DO  Decide water technologies to be used,  Complete the compilation of missing economic data,  Start with optimization regarding the results of Stakeholders Meeting

62. OPTIMA 62 THANK YOU!