1. Patologia Pneumococcica dell’adulto: nuovi vaccini e nuovi modelli di vaccinazione Un saluto Da Antonio Pesenti Scuola di Medicina Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca

2. The global mortality rate from the 1918/1919 pandemic is not known, but an estimated 10% to 20% of those who were infected died. With about a third of the world population infected, this case-fatality ratio means 3% to 6% of the entire global population died. [ Influenza may have killed as many as 25 million people in its first 25 weeks. estimates say it killed 50–100 million people worldwide were killed. A common deadly complication was bacterial pneumoniamortality ratecase-fatality ratio

4. Angus, DC, et al: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001; 29(7):1303-1310. SEPSIS In the United States, approximately 750,000 cases of severe sepsis occur each year In the United States, approximately 750,000 cases of severe sepsis occur each year 29% mortality rate with 215,000 deaths annually 29% mortality rate with 215,000 deaths annually 10 th leading cause of death in United States in 2000 10 th leading cause of death in United States in 2000 Estimated $16.7 billion national health care costs each year Estimated $16.7 billion national health care costs each year

5. Ranieri VM NEJM 2012

8. Angus DC Crit Care Med 2004; 32:2199

9. SEPSI Uno sguardo al passato HMS Victory, Capitan Uncino e la battaglia di Trafalgar Il 13° reggimento di cavalleria leggera e la battaglia di Waterloo

10. HMS Victory, flagship Royal navy

11. William Beatty, the surgeon of HMS Victory, listed the 102 on board who were wounded at the Battle of Trafalgar, six of whom subsequently died. Injuries suffered were mainly fractures or splinter wounds. There were 10 amputations, the majority involving the leg, as well as instances of death through gangrene and tetanus.

13. Alex[ander] PalmerMidnShot through the thigh by a Musket Ball, Bone and large Vessels untouched 28 October Died of Tetanus, Cold affusion and [?] digitalis[?] with large doses of Opium, were tried in this case

14. 13th Light Dragoons at Waterloo

15. Three of those reported wounded subsequently died of their wounds. OffrsSergeant- Majors SergntsCorporalsTrumptersPriv KIA3-- 12 Wound8362252 Miss-- 8 ___ Total11362275 13th Light Dragoons Casualties report Battle of Waterloo Surgeon Logan, Veterinary-Surgeon Constant Horses killed, 15; wounded, 46; missing, 52; total, 113. Grand Total: 96 men and 113. horses.

16. Ignaz Semmelweiss 1818- 1865

17. Martin e Al. NEJM 2003; 348; 16:1546