1. Corso di Sistemi in Tempo Reale Laurea in Ingegneria dell‘Automazione a.a. 2008-2009 Paolo Pagano (p.pagano@sssup.it)

2. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems2/15 Course Outline (1/2) First day (23 rd ) –Basics of FSM (slides by prof. Lipari) –The Uppaal platform –Formal verification Second day (24 th ) –FSM implementation in C (slides by prof. Di Natale) –A case study –Real Hardware demonstration

3. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems3/15 Course Outline (2/2) Third day (30 th ) –The OSEK standard –The ERIKA real-time kernel Fourth day (31 st ) –A FSM case study –Discussion

4. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems4/15 What is an Embedded System?

5. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems5/15  Robotics  Flight control systems  Plant control  Automotive  Consumer electronics  Multimedia systems  Sensor/Actor Networks Embedded computing systems are becoming pervasive in our society (more than 10 9 units/year): Where are ESs?

6. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems6/15 People say …

7. Criticality digital tv Timing constraints softfirmhard QoS managementHigh performanceSafety critical

8. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems8/15 Common features In these diversified domains some shared features can be identified: –Dedicated function (vs general-purpose computers) –Reactive / Interactive –Real-time –Constraints on several metrics: cost, power, performance, noise, weight, size, flexibility, maintainability, correctness, safety, time-to-market

9. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems9/15 Standalone devices? Networked embedded systems –System composed of various components (sensors, controllers, actuators) interconnected through a network –Cabling problem, mobility requirements ==> wireless Wireless Sensor Networks: –Multitude of application scenarios Environmental monitoring Surveillance Telemedicine, health care, industrial plant control, multi-view vision …

10. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems10/15 Buzzwords: ubiquity pervasiveness Wireless mobility smart spaces M2M distributed embedded dynamic energy Why WSN?

11. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems11/15 Design of ESs Multidisciplinarity –Application context / domain –Embedded electronics / sensors –Embedded manufacturing –Control Systems Theory –Digital processing –Real-Time Operating Systems –Embedded Communications (Wired, Wireless) Constraints

12. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems12/15 Research directions (1/2) Architectures –Towards Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) systems –Traditional SW programming does not adapt well to massivelly parallel, distributed and concurrent hardware –Towards techniques for global design optimization w.r.t. some design metrics, e.g. Energy Software –Real-time, lightweight middleware with QoS –Portability, multi-processor –Model-driven (higher level) SW development –Verification / validation through formal methods –Standardization

13. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems13/15 Research directions (2/2) Communications –Power-aware communications –Lightweight network stacks –Heterogeneous communications –Mobile, home, Internet –Ad-hoc networking: self-discovery and organization –Multi-(interconnected-)device functionality Peripherals –Cost-effective sensors/actuators –Working in harschy environment –Mechanically / thermally robust –Low power (power scavenging) –Fail-safe

14. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems14/15 What can we do in this wide domain? (1/2) We can naively design an Embedded System making use of some basic knowledge of Finite State Machine theory; We can simulate the ES making use of the Uppaal environment (demonstration use only for licensing issues); We can implement our SW in Real-Hardware using fully customized FLEX boards.

15. Paolo Pagano - RT Systems15/15 What can we do in this wide domain? (2/2) We can introduce real-time kernels to support multi-sensing and multi-programming activities; We will work upon an existing demo application developed for ERIKA real-time kernels; We will see how to fully exploit the power of a programmable MCU.