1. Implementation of MST in Norway Iceland June 2008 Bernadette Christensen Clinical Director of the Youth Department Anne Cathrine Strütt MST Consultant The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development

2. Why MST In Norway? Much media attention to the deficiencies within the child welfare systems and the lack of professional personnel within some of the institutions The fact that kids were being institutionalized, for longer period of time, far away from their homes and returning not having been helped (no changes in their original environment and little changes in their own behavior)

3. Why MST In Norway? (continued) Great budgetary deficits because of the amount of out-of-home placements The child and youth psychiatric clinics had little or no treatment services for adolescents with serious behavior problems By law - family based help and support should be tried before the children are placed out of home

4. Implementation Process in Norway 1997: Lack of services and competence in Child Welfare and Child Psychiatric Services: An international expert conference hosted by the Norwegian Research Council 1998: An expert panel report recommending the implementation and controlled evaluation of selected evidence based programs 1999: Towards ”evidence based practice”: nationwide implementation of PMTO and MST 2000: PMTO/MST clinical outcome studies – new standards for clinical outcome research 2003: The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development (Atferdssenteret – University of Oslo Affiliate

5. Facilitators at the National Level A genuine interest and commitment at the political and administrative level – consistent funding from The Ministry of Child..and the Ministry of Social and Health Determination and support to establish a national implementation and research center National implementation teams for children and youth Research group Plans for program implementation in all of Norway - Establishing comprehensive training- and maintenance programs for therapists and supervisors Creating professional networks for collaboration and quality control Conducting research on clinical outcomes, the implementation process and on the development of serious behavior problems in children and youth Positive feedback from families and media

6. MST Goals & Guidelines Site assessments Monthly Review Program Implementation Review Weekly clinical Supervision Weekly clinical consultation TAMSAM 5 day MST training Individual Development Plans THE MST MODEL Treatment Adherence Quarterly boosters

7. Implementation of the MST treatment model in Norway has required a persistent multi-level effort: Legal adaptation Organizational factors – nationwide and regionally Attitudes towards treatment and therapist role Development, consolidation and maintenance of an MST organization in Norway Development of the Norwegian adaptation of the Quality Assurance System

8. MST in Norway 22 MST-teams are established across all regions of Norway as part of the National Child Welfare Services All MST training, consultation and boosters are done by 7 Norwegian Consultants in Collaboration with MST Services 3500 families and youth have received MST Clinical Outcome Study MST (100 families) Clinical Outcome Study with Contingency Management and Treatment Adherence

9. Transportability Challenges The Transportability of the clinical method Conflicting Ideologies Support of evidence based methods and willingness to work in a structured and systematic way

10. Continuous Challenges Treatment Fidelity Sustainability Referrals – getting the right referrals - caseload

11. Characteristics of the Norwegian MST clinical outcome study The first controlled evaluation study (RCT) of MST outside North America and in a non-english speaking country One of the first trials not involving the developers of MST The trial was conducted by independent investigators who did not participate in the training and supervision of MST therapists nor in the actual treatment of families One of the first MST studies examining site differences in treatment effects Implemented as ’real world’ treatment in a country without a juvenile court system (Child Welfare Services only).

12. Conclusions of the Norwegian MST Evaluation The Norwegian findings support the effectiveness of MST relative to the services usually available for youths with serious behaviour problems at three out of four sites MST prevented placement out of home to a greater extent than regular services MST was associated with decreased internalising and externalising problem behavior in youths A marginally greater caregiver satisfaction with treatment relative to RS was reported by the MST families at post assessment Differential MST treatment effects across sites at post treatment and at follow up, may be due to variability in the quality of treatment implementation.

13. Future Plans for the Department of Youth Training MST consultants in collaboration with MST Services Continuous Development of MST training documents in Norwegian More MST teams where needed Participation in research studies on Drug abuse CM (Contingency Management) More evidence based programs for youth – FFT and MTFC

14. Norwegian Progaram Monitoring Results

15. MST in Norway 1999: The first 4 teams 2007: 22 teams - nation-wide 1997-2007: 3500 families in MST

29. The MST Quality Assurance System

30. Research-validated adherence technologies Development planning for all professionals Structured training (orientation and booster) On-the-job training (on-going, weekly expert case review and consultation) Weekly clinical supervision

35. Why such an extensive Quality Assurance System? Target population is therapeutically challenging Treatment model places high demands on therapists

36. Why such an extensive Quality Assurance System? Target population is therapeutically challenging Treatment model places high demands on therapists Evidence based practices: Treatment results rely on adherence to the treatment model

37. 0.28.55.831 Therapist adherence High therapist adherence gives better outcomes

38. MST Evaluation studies in Norway (Ogden & Halliday-Boykins, 2004) MST teams that did not follow up on the quality assurance system, had the poorest outcomes High treatment adherence led to better outcomes

39. The MST Quality Assurance TREATMENT RESULTS How are the outcomes for the youths and their families? Monitoring MST (therapy, supervision, consultation) Manual

40. MST clinical outcome study Ogden,T. & Halliday-Boykins,C.A. (2004). Multisystemic Treatment of Antisocial Adolescents in Norway. Replication of Clinical Outcomes Outside of the U.S. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 9, 77-83. Ogden,T. & Hagen,K.A. (2005). Multisystemic Therapy of Serious Behaviour Problems in Youth: Sustainability of Treatment Effectiveness Two Years After Intake. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, in print.