1. 1 Vulnerability of People People  age  density  gender  ethnicity and language  socio-economic status

2. 2 Vulnerability of People Let’s talk about these factors: Age:  can be a vulnerability or a strength  linked to state of health and socio- economic factors  linked to gender - more older women

3. 3 Vulnerability of People Density  Generally the higher the density, the greater the mortality and morbidity rates  High density often occurs in low-income areas  High density contributes to heat related hazards

4. 4 Vulnerability of People Gender  Usually more women than men die in disasters  Correlated to state of health and socio- economic status  Less opportunity to contribute post- disaster

5. 5 Vulnerability of People Gender While disaster management continues to evolve, for the most part, disaster managers are generally male - and thus many post-disaster programs, etc. are provided from a strong male perspective.

6. 6 Vulnerability of People Ethnicity & Cultural Factors May or may not be a factor, but in many cases, especially with recent immigrants, communication can be a big problem Can’t understand warnings Can’t read preparedness literature Don’t obtain help post-disaster - losing face, can’t read forms

7. 7 Vulnerability of People Ethnicity & Cultural Factors May believe that talking about disasters is unlucky May not trust “authority figures” May misinterpret information

8. 8 Vulnerability of People Socio-Economic Status Linked to health and education Poverty often means no insurance Those who can least afford it, have the least, but lose it all Poverty often leads to sub-standard housing

9. 9 Vulnerability of Place  buildings  critical facilities  ecological sites  economic sectors  historical and cultural sites  lifelines and infrastructure  non-structural property  recreational land  structures

10. 10 Vulnerability of Place  Buildings  Certain types of building are more vulnerable due to type of construction  Size/height  Characteristics  Location

11. 11 Vulnerability of Place  Critical facilities  Police stations, ambulance stations, fire halls, hospitals, EOCs, medical clinics, medical labs, fire boats and docking facilities, helicopter pads  Anything critical to saving lives, rescue operations, etc.

12. 12 Vulnerability of Place  Ecological Sites  Areas that have unique ecosystems  Areas with protected/endangered wildlife: land-based animals, fish, birds, insects, etc.

13. 13 Vulnerability of Place  Economic Sectors  Agriculture, tourism, commerce, resource-based industry, manufacturing, etc.  Community-based dependency

14. 14 Vulnerability of Place  Historical and Cultural Sites  Heritage buildings  Buildings with historical meaning  Community landmarks  Aboriginal Sites

15. 15 Vulnerability of Place Lifelines and Infrastructure  Utilities: power lines, water lines, pumping stations, water silos and sewerage, gas lines, telephone lines, oil wells, water wells  Highways, freeways, overpasses, bridges  Rail tracks, airports and runways  Ports

16. 16 Vulnerability of Place Non-Structural Property  Art Collections  Medical Laboratories, Hospitals, Research Labs and Businesses  Any place with expensive goods and materials

17. 17 Vulnerability of Place Recreational land  Parks, forests, hiking trails  Lakes, rivers  Fair grounds,  Oceanfront, beaches  Skiing, Snowboarding

18. 18 Vulnerability of Place Structures  Micro-wave towers, repeaters  Electrical Structures  Reservoirs, Silos  Control Towers

19. 19 Vulnerability of Preparedness Factors relating to Preparedness fall into four areas:  Capability to respond  Community education and training  Mitigation program  Warning systems Photo courtesy of FEMA

20. 20 Vulnerability of Preparedness Capability to respond Does the community have a plan to respond to a disaster and is the plan tested on a regular basis? The greatest plan in the world is useless if no one has actually tested it. Photo courtesy of FEMA

21. 21 Vulnerability of Preparedness Community education and training Has the community been educated as to the potential threats and trained so that they know what to do should the hazardous event take place? Are there Neighbourhood Preparedness Programs in place? Photo courtesy of FEMA

22. 22 Vulnerability of Preparedness Mitigation program It there a Mitigation program in place - a defined program that systematically reviews risks and vulnerabilities and establishes a process to develop strategies to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities, and to take action to deal with them? Photo courtesy of FEMA

23. 23 Vulnerability of Preparedness Warning systems Is it possible to have advance knowledge of the potential hazard occurring? If so, is there a warning system in place? If it is in place, do residents understand what to do when they are warned? Photo courtesy of FEMA

24. 24 Vulnerability of Time The four factors regarding time are:  Population base re: time of day  Population base re: day of the week  Population base re: time of year  Population base re: holidays

25. 25 Vulnerability of Time Population base re: time of day Are there certain times of the day when the population is more vulnerable to the hazards (e.g., during rush hour)?

26. 26 Vulnerability of Time Population base re: day of the week  Are there days of the week when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the weekends)?

27. 27 Vulnerability of Time  Population base re: time of year  Are there times of the year when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the winter)?

28. 28 Vulnerability of Time Population base re: holidays  Are there certain holidays when the population is more at risk (e.g., during the Christmas)?