1. Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla
Grouping Organisms
And Classification

2. Age of Life on Earth
3.5 billion years ago (prokaryotes came first)
1.5 million species have been named by classification system called taxonomy (to name and group organisms in a logical manner)

3. Domains
3 largest classification groups
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukarya

5. THREE Domains …Kingdoms
Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya
Prokaryotic (no true nucleus) (true nucleus)
(true bacteria) (extreme (protists
bacteria) fungi
plants
animals)

6. TAXONS Domain (3): Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya Kingdom (6) Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

7. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
No true nucleus (called a nucleoid)
smaller
EUKARYOTIC
True nucleus with a membrane
larger
Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic

8. Six Kingdoms: Get Handout

9. Two Domains are Prokaryotic
Genetic material NOT in a nucleus (called a nucleoid instead)
INCLUDES:
Eubacteria –true bacteria
2. Archaea – extreme bacteria
(sometimes “archaebacteria”)
Bacteria Youtube (Archaea and Eubacteria) (2:33)

10. Kingdom: Archaea or Archaebacteria)
Prokaryotic –no true nucleus
Cell walls with no peptidoglycan (see next slide)
Unicellular – one celled
Live in most extreme environments

11. What is peptidoglycan?
A cross-linked complex of polysaccharides (sugars) and peptides (proteins) found in the cell walls of bacteria

12. Kingdom: Archaea Thermophiles –love heat Psychrophiles –cold-loving
Acidophiles –love acidic environments
Halophiles-love salty
Barophiles-high pressure (ocean bottom)

13. Archaea Examples Thermus aquaticus (Extremophiles Youtube)
Found in hot springs
Thermus aquaticus (Extremophiles Youtube)

14. Archaea Examples A-thermophile B-halophile C-halophile D-carbonatphile
E-halophile
F-calcium carbonatphile
-What are extremophiles? (54 secs)
-Extremophiles (1:25)
-Bozeman Biology: Archaea (7:16)

15. Kingdom: EUBACTERIA (true bacteria)
Prokaryotic – no true
nucleus (just a nucleoid)
Cell wall with peptidoglycan
Unicellular –one-celled
Diverse environments and metabolism

16. Eubacteria (Common)
Staphylococcus
Anthracis bacillus
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus

17. Eubacteria Examples
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus(skin)

18. HAVE A NUCLEUS Domain: Eukarya (membrane around the Genetic material)
Includes 4 Kingdoms:
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants

19. Kingdom: Protista Eukaryotic – DO have a nucleus Usually unicellular
Varied cell walls
(Plant-like, animal-like, fungus –like)

20. PROTISTA Plant-like protists (have chlorophyll) Animal-like protists
(Move)
Fungus-like protists
(slime molds move like amoeba, decomposer)

21. Protista Examples Protist Youtube
Euglena
Paramecium
Stentor
Volvox
(colonial)

22. Kingdom: FUNGI Eukaryotic Cell walls of chitin –stiffener
Can be multicellular or unicellular

23. Yeast (unicellular fungi)
Can you see the budding?

24. More Fungi
Bracket Fungus Toenail Fungus
Bread mold

25. More Fungi
Penicillium Black Mold
Hot dog mold

26. Kingdom: Plantae Eukaryotic Cell wall made of cellulose
Multicellular –more than one cell
Autotrophic –photosynthetic – make their own food

27. What is cellulose?
Stiff, interlocking fibers in plants

28. Examples:

29. Kingdom: Animalia Eukaryotic No cell wall Multicellular
Heterotrophic –need to get food from other sources (plants and animals)

30. Animalia

31. What kingdom are you?