1. A User’s Primer © Tapanila, 2006 version 1.1 Free software downloads available at http://geology.isu.edu/FossilPlot/

2. John J. Sepkoski Jr. (University of Chicago) –Database of ~36,000 genera –Lists taxonomy and stratigraphic ranges –Marine animals only –Limitations: Few soft-bodied animals No plants, algae, fungi, bacteria No terrestrial animals –Used for recognizing evolutionary patterns The Database

3. FAD First Appearance Datum Origination Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges

4. FAD LAD First Appearance Datum Last Appearance Datum Range Extinction Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges Origination

5. Paleography What was Triassic diversity?

6. Diversity = 5 genera Paleography What was Triassic diversity?

7. Paleography How many Triassic originations?

8. Originations = 2 genera Paleography How many Triassic originations?

9. Paleography How many Triassic extinctions?

10. Extinctions = 1 genus Paleography How many Triassic extinctions?

11. Period Cretaceous145.5 – 65.5 Ma –Epoch Late Cretaceous99.6 – 65.5 Ma AgeMaastrichtian70.6 – 65.5 Ma Example Paleography Relative Time Interval Absolute Time Interval Relative and Absolute time

12. For any marine group... –Graph its stratigraphic range –Graph diversity through time –Graph originations through time –Graph extinctions through time What this program does…

13. Paleography Stratigraphic Ranges

14. FossilPlot calculates standing diversity as… –the total number of genera that occur within a particular time interval Paleography Diversity Triassic through Recent bryozoans

15. Paleography Originations Triassic through Recent bryozoans FossilPlot calculates originations as… –the total number of genera that first appear during a particular time interval, i.e. by counting FADs

16. FossilPlot calculates extinctions as… –the total number of genera that last appear during a particular time interval, i.e. by counting LADs Paleography Extinctions Triassic through Recent bryozoans

17. Speciation Sample 1: Plot the Bryozoans

18. Speciation Get your data Select and copy group from Compendium

19. Speciation Transfer the data Copy/Paste group in &Data at Cell A8 A8

20. Speciation Remove any extra unwanted genera at the end of your list by… Remove pre-existing data

21. Speciation Highlighting the unwanted genera and… Remove pre-existing data

22. Speciation Press the Delete key on the keyboard. Do not use the Edit/Delete function! Remove pre-existing data

23. Speciation Look at the Range chart Compendium taxa are arranged alpha- betically. Get a better display by…

24. Speciation Sorting your taxa: Use Data/Sort to organize your list stratigraphically Organize your data: before

25. Speciation Organize your data: after

26. Speciation Organize your data: after

27. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

28. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

29. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

30. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

31. Speciation Other graphs made by &Data

32. Speciation Transfer your data to &Age Copy/Paste group in &Age at Cell A8 A8

33. Speciation Standing diversity by Age See AbsDates for Age abbreviations

34. Speciation Transfer your data to &O-S MX Copy/Paste group in &O-S MX at Cell A8. Repeat process for &P-T MX and &K-T MX A8

35. Speciation Extinction Get 2 Ma intervals… &O-S MX, &P-T MX and &K-T MX measure 2 million year intervals across mass extinction events

36. Speciation The 3 Big mass extinctions Blue line shows diversity at 2Ma interval, gray line shows Epoch intervals

37. Speciation Blue line shows diversity at 2Ma interval; light gray shows Age intervals; dark gray line shows Epoch intervals The 3 Big mass extinctions

38. Speciation Extinction Sample 2: Plot the Tabulates Copy group from Compendium and Paste in Cell A8 of &Data.

39. Speciation Tabulates include fewer taxa than the bryozoans, so you need to highlight the remaining bryozoans & hit the delete key Remove unwanted taxa

40. Speciation Range chart squeezed to left This common problem can be fixed by changing the source data: follow these steps…

41. Speciation With the mouse over the colorful back- ground, click right mouse button and select Source Data Fixing the range chart

42. Speciation You will see that Columns E, H, N & O are highlighted… Fixing the range chart

43. Speciation But these highlights extend beyond your data. This is causing the left squeeze in the range chart Fixing the range chart

44. Speciation Fix problem by highlighting columns E, H, N & O so that only rows containing data are included. To highlight multiple columns, you will need to hold the Ctrl key while dragging the mouse Fixing the range chart

45. Speciation First click on the Source Data icon (circled here in red). Next highlight column E down to the last entry. Scroll back to the top of the page. Press and hold the Ctrl key. Now highlight column H. Repeat for columns N and O (they can be highlighted together). Fixing the range chart

46. Speciation Once all four columns are highlighted, let go of the Ctrl key. Click the Source Data square (circled here in red). Fixing the range chart

47. Speciation Select OK Fixing the range chart

48. Speciation Now the tabulate data stretches across the graph area. Fixing the range chart

49. Speciation Sort your taxa: Use Data/Sort to organize your list stratigraphically Fixing the range chart

50. Speciation Fixing the range chart