1. DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER INTERACTION Organic User Interfaces

2. Liquid Crystal Display The LCD was developed in 1963 and has since dominated the computer display market. It is commonly used as computer displays, televisions, handheld gaming consoles, portable MP3 players, and cell phones. While the cost has dropped over the years, it still remains high.

3. Organic Light Emitting Diodes OLED is an emerging technology that could possibly replace the LCD Made from carbon based materials that emit light when electricity is run through them.

4. LCD vs OLED LCD requires a backlight, OLEDs are the light.  Leads to 18% lower power consumption OLEDs can be manufactured at the thickness of a piece of paper.

5. Applications Samsung Galaxy S2 uses a Super AMOLED plus display  Active Matrix OLED with other improvements “Active Matrix” means that each individual pixel is controlled, allowing for extreme image precision and very high response time  LCD response times used to be ~25ms, now are 2-8ms  AMOLED response time is 0.01ms, allowing for refresh rates of 100,000Hz

6. Examples Samsung had some impressive flexible products on display at CES 2011 Video

7. What’s Next? Because OLEDs are so thin and flexible by nature, engineers are working on applications that would allow for the display itself to become flexible.

8. Organic User Interfaces “An Organic User Interface is a computer interface that uses a non-planar display as a primary means of output, as well as input.” (Holman)

9. Gummi Computer Size and thickness of a credit card Input is received by bending the computer Contains a 2D track-pad on the back for additional input

10. Problems OLEDs are highly sensitive to water and oxygen molecules and flexible plastics do not currently provide the protection required for mass production. The lifespan of OLEDs is still quite low. This makes them impractical for primary computer displays but adequate for cell phone displays. Different colors degrade at different rates creating a noticeable color imbalance in the display.

11. Questions

12. References Co, E., & Pashenkov, N. (2008). Emerging Display Technologies For Organic User Interfaces. Communications of the ACM, 45-47. Holman, D., & Vertegaal, R. (2008). Organic User Interfaces: Designing Computers In Any Way, Shape, or Form. Communications of the ACM, 48-55. Mertens, R. (2011, February 18). LCD vs Super AMOLED vs Super AMOLED Plus. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from OLED-Info.com: http://www.oled-info.com/lcd-vs-super-amoled-vs-super-amoled- plus Schwesig, C., Poupyrev, I., & Mori, E. (2004). Gummi: A Bendable Computer. CHI 2004: Paper, 263- 270. Song, J. (2010, October 26). OLED Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from LEDKE Technology Co., Ltd.: http://www.ledke.com/news/OLED-Advantages-Disadvantages.html http://www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-oled-technology http://www.impactlab.net/2010/05/08/15-laptop-concepts-of-the-future/flexible-display/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJEHp15Hoo0&feature=player_embedded