1. Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination
The Development of Prejudice in Children
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

2. The Development of Prejudice in Children
Theories and Research on the development of prejudice in children
Children’s awareness of social categories
Foundations for preferences, attitudes, and behaviors towards members of other social group
Race, gender, other characteristic
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

3. The Development of Prejudice in Children
Theories and Research on the development of prejudice in children
Development of prejudice organized in two social dimensions
Race
Gender
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

4. The Development of Prejudice in Children
Theories and Research on the development of prejudice in children
Three types of Theories of prejudice:
Social Learning
Inner state theories
Cognitive development theories
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

5. Research: Development of Prejudice in Children
Jane Elliott’s Lesson on Discrimination
Blue-eyed/Brown-eyed
Dr. Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s The doll technique
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

6. Awareness of Social Categories
Social Awareness Categories
Implicit awareness—nonverbal, subconscious categorization: habituation paradigm
Explicit awareness—is conscious awareness of particular social groups
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

7. Awareness of Social Categories
Social Awareness Categories
Infants are implicitly aware of
Gender
Age
Physical attractiveness
By age 6 months
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

8. Awareness of Social Categories
Category preference—children select or prefer one group over another
Prejudice—refers to an evaluative response toward the members of some group
Discrimination—refers to behaviors directed toward social groups who are the object of prejudice
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

9. Awareness of Social Categories
Categorization helps children develop accurate pictures of their social world
Forming accurate perception of the world
Prejudiced children respond negatively to distinctions they note
Unprejudiced children respond not
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

10. Awareness of Social Categories
Awareness: Two Types
Explicit awareness—conscious awareness of particular social groups
Implicit awareness—children aware before begin using language to place labels on groups, preverbal
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

11. Awareness of Social Categories
Implicit awareness
Emerges earlier in development, infancy
Before children acquire language
Awareness of gender, attractiveness and age
Without verbalization
Habituation paradigm
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

12. Awareness of Social Categories
Explicit awareness (conscious awareness)
Children have accurate knowledge of social categories
Apply labels correctly or identify
Preschool years are critical in the development a social groups based on race (4 & 5 yrs. Old) and gender (3 yrs. Old)
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

13. Awareness of Social Categories
Children make many social-group-based categorical distinctions in preschool years.
But does making these sorts of distinctions lead to prejudice?
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

14. Development of Prejudice
The Development of Racial Prejudice
Methodological issues
Forced choice method-
Color Meaning Test (CMT)
Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM II)
Continuous measure of prejudice
Sociometric ratings
White children’s attitudes
Black children’s attitudes
Attitudes of children from other groups
Intergroup behavior
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

15. Development of Prejudice
The Development of Racial Prejudice
Development of Gender-Based prejudice
Origins
Gender constancy
Homosocially
Other children’s attitudes
Intergroup behavior
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

16. Theories of Prejudice Development
Social Learning Theory
Inner State Theory
Cognitive Development Theory
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

17. Theories of Prejudice Development
Social Learning Theory
Bandura, 1977
Direct teaching
Indirect teaching
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

18. Theories of Prejudice Development
Inner State Theory
Personality
Genetic Influences
Social Leaning
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006

19. Theories of Prejudice Development
Cognitive Development Theories
Piaget’s Theory
Egocentrism—focus on oneself
Centration—focus on a single piece of information
Aboud’s Theory
Process sequence—emotional state to perception and cognition
Attention sequence--processes of sequence
Prepared by Prof. Saterfield for Whitley and kite, 2006