2. Cells By: Marcos Soriano Kristin Beringson Jen Gallagher Maureen Flynn

3. Ribosomes Structure  Ribosomes are composed of proteins and RNA in two subunits (One large and one small)  There are many of these organelles in the cell. Ribosome Structure

4. Ribosomes Location  Bound ribosomes occur attached to the endoplasmic reticulum  Ribosomes also occur in the cytoplasm alone or in groups.  These groups are called polyribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum

5. Ribosomes Function  Ribosomes perform protein synthesis, which is the assembly of amino acids in proteins Transfer of Amino Acids to Proteins

6. Ribosomes Function (Cont.)  Ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins to be used in the cell by organalles like mitochondria and chloroplasts  Ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins that are eventually secreted by the cell Wire frame of a Ribosome

7. Ribosomes How They Work  Once the two large and small subunits are joined by the RNA from the nucleus, the ribosomes translate the RNA into a specific sequence of amino acids, called polypeptide chains. Process

8. Ribosomes Importance  Our cells and bodies need protein to survive without ribosomes, we wouldn’t get any protein  Without the ribosomes amino acids wouldn’t be synthesized into proteins which plays a vital role in our body. Proteins make up our hair, nails and connective tissues.

9. Mitochondrion Structure  Size of a bacteria  Has a double membrane  The outer membrane is fairly smooth  Inner membrane is twisted

10. Mitochondrion Location  Mitochondrion can be found in the cell, outside the nucleus, in the cytoplasm  There could be more than one mitochondrion in a cell, as shown below: Mitochondrion Plant Cell

11. Mitochondrion Function  Performs cellular respiration: They convert chemical energy of glucose into chemical energy of ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate: primary source of energy)  The process burns up oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide and water.

12. Mitochondrion Importance  Without mitochondrion ATP production would cease and the cells would not be able to function. Old and warn out Mitochondrion

13. Lysosomes Structure  Membranous vesicle containing digestive enzymes

14. Lysosomes Location  Lysosomes can be found in the cell, in the cytoplasm  There could be more than one lysosome in a cell, as shown below: Lysosomes Plant Cell

15. Lysosomes Function  Digests macromolecules, old cell parts and microorganisms  This takes place when a food vacuole combines with a lysosome to form a digestive vacuole  Lysosomes also help cells renew themselves. The human liver recycles itself each week from lysosomes Function

16. Lysosomes Importance  If lysosomes start to break apart they will leak and a large amount of leakage can destroy cells Process of a cell dying

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