3. In German, when "b", "d" and "g" are at the end of the word their sounds change. b sounds like “p“HALB d sounds like "t“HUND g sounds like "k“KLUG Exception: "ing" and "ung" in German sound like the "g" in ing in English.

4. "j" in German sounds like the English "y"

5. “q” or “qu” in German sound like QV in English

6. "s" in German before a vowel sounds like the English "z"

7. "s" in German before "p" or "t" at the beginning of a word sounds like the English "sh"

8. In German, when "s" comes before any other consonant, it is ALWAYS spelled "sch“. It sounds like the English "sh".

9. Also all words in German keep their full sound when placed in a compound noun Volleyballspiel.

10. "v" in German sounds like the English "f"

11. "w" in German sounds like an English "v":

12. "y" in German sounds like the German "ü"

13. "z" in German always sounds like the English "ts"

14. Sounds of vowels change when they are placed together. Here are the most common combinations

15. ei, ai, ey, ay sound like "I" in English

16. ie sounds like "ee" in "see" in English EXCEPTION: When the ending is unstressed.

17. eu, oi, äu sound like "oy" in "boy" in English

18. Au sounds like "ow" in "cow" in English