1. Measurements of Coastal Retreat in the Russian Artic and at Svalbard by means of Multi-temporal Aerial Photographs and Digital Photogrammetry Bjørn Wangensteen ¹, Rune Ødegård ², Trond Eiken ¹ and Johan Ludvig Sollid ¹ ¹ Department of Physical Geography, University of Oslo, Norway P.O. Box 1042 Blindern, N-0316 OSLO, Norway. ² Gjøvik University College, Norway. P.O.Box 191, N-2802 Gjøvik, Norway. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO

2. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Bykhovsky Peninsula, Laptev Sea (72º N, 129 º E)

3. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 1951 1982 Aerial Photographs, Bykhovsky Peninsula, Laptev Sea

4. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO DEM generation Control points from map (1:100.000 ) Poor absolute precision (50- 60m) Relative precision in meters  due to coarse scanning & small photo scale No DTM output Need surveyed control points (GPS) to generate high precision DTM and orthophotos

5. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Digital Photogrammetry Stereo pair of scanned photos Scanning resolution < 20μm Digital photogrammetric workstation - powerful PC - software - visualization tools

6. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Digital Terrain Models (photo scale 1:15.000, flying height 2300 m) Accurate height measurements (as non digital) ~30 cm ~2 mm for terrestrial photographs Dense spatial resolution < 1 m aerial photographs < 1cm terrestrial photographs Calculation of volume changes Terrain profiles changes

7. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Orthophotos Aerial photos resampled into map projection Aerial photo scale 1:15.000  Orthophoto scale 1:5.000 Digitise coastlines Digitise lagoons, small lakes etc. GIS + Times series  measure retreat/ change

8. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Brøgger Peninsula, Svalbard (79º N, 12 º E) Candidate key sites

9. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Brøgger Peninsula Coastal Geomorphology Map 1:200.000, 1987 Norwegian Polar Institute &Department of Physical Geography, UoO

10. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Brøgger Peninsula Coastal Geomorphology Map Aerial photographs 66, 69, 70, 71, 90, 95 (15- 50.000) Research stations in Ny-Ålesund (NP, AWI) Sediment run off measurements in Bay river since 1989 (Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate) Geomorphology and quaternary geology maps (1:10.000) Video from helicopter Rock glacier investigations Glacier investigations

11. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 1971 1995 Aerial Photographs, Brøgger Peninsula, Svalbard

12. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 1971 1995 Digital Terrain Models (resolution 5m)

13. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Shaded Relief Models (resolution 5m) 19711995

14. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Change from 1971 to 1995

16. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF OSLO ACD Norwegian Group Prof. Jacob Møller, University of Tromsø Dr. Jan-Gunnar Winther, Norwegian Polar Institute Dr. Rune Ødegård, Gjøvik University College Senior Engineer Trond Eiken, University of Oslo Prof. Johan Ludvig Sollid, University of Oslo Ph.D-student Bjørn Wangensteen, University of Oslo