1. 1 UBC International Training Fund Presents

3. The following material is intended to make you aware of the currently acceptable and recognized methods of performing the tasks described in this presentation. However, every possible application of these methods cannot be foreseen and the following material is not designed to cover every potential application. Therefore, you must always follow all current procedures and safety regulations whenever you perform any of the tasks discussed in this presentation.

4. 4 HYTORC World Wide Coverage Customer Specific Solutions On-site Training And Support Superior Design And Materials THE WORLD’S LARGEST MAKER OF HYDRAULIC BOLTING TOOLS

5. 5 HYTORC Covers the World In every industry - wherever there is a bolting challenge!

6. 6 HYTORC EVERY INVESTMENT MUST PAY FOR ITSELF.. HYTORC PAYS BACK BIGTIME!! PRECISION = GET THE JOB DONE RIGHT! POWER = GET THE JOB DONE FAST! PROTECTION = GET THE JOB DONE SAFELY!

7. 7 THE GOALS OF THIS COURSE: To Help You - 1. Increase Your Value In The Workplace Because Of Your Skills 2. Increase Your Job Satisfaction As A Professional 3. Become A Safer Worker AND...

8. 8 YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE WHY AND HOW OF BOLTING BOSS… Give Me These Tools, And I Will Give You The Results You Want. FASTER SAFERBETTER

9. 9 CHANGE IS HARD FOR SOME PEOPLE... BUT YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!

10. 10 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE: Elements Of Bolting Theory Advantages And Disadvantages Of Various Bolting Methods On Common Bolting Problems How To Properly Use Gaskets, Tube Compression Fittings And Bolt Locking Devices Proper Operation Of Modern Hydraulic Torquing/tensioning Tools Hands-on Practical Application Not Just Talk!

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12. 12 TODAY’S MILLWRIGHT WEARS MANY HATS Power Plants Steam Turbines Generators Nuclear Reactors Gas Pipelines Hydro Units Diesel/gas Engines Pumps And Compressors Structural Assemblies

13. 13 AND WAY THE WORK IS DONE AIN’T EXACTLY LIKE YOUR DADDY DID IT! Increased Complexity New And Tighter Tolerances Safety And Work Rules Less Time For Maintenance Higher Costs

14. 14 MANY INDUSTRIES - HUNDREDS OF APPLICATIONS

15. 15 NO MATTER HOW BIG AND COMPLEX THE MACHINERY GETS... AT ITS HEART, HOLDING EVERYTHING TOGETHER IS THE HUMBLE LITTLE BOLT LET ME INTRODUCE YOU TO

16. 16 THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF BOLTS AND STUDS...

17. 17 BUT THEY ALL HAVE THE SAME BASIC PURPOSE: Unlike A Pin Or A Clip - A Bolt Holds Surfaces Together

18. 18 THE SECRET IS...

19. 19 STRETCH THE BOLT AND AS IT SPRINGS BACK IT SQUEEZES THE JOINT TOGETHER

20. 20 The Key Is To Get Enough Spring Action To Hold The Joint Together - But Not Too Much Stretch So That That The Bolt Yields - Or No Longer Springs Back TIGHTER IS NOT ALWAYS BETTER!!

21. 21 WE CALL THIS SPRING ACTION ON THIS FLANGE 24 BOLTS @58,000 Lbs. PER BOLT TOTAL PRE-LOAD 1,392,000 Lbs. OR..

22. 22 THE TOTAL THE PRE-LOAD MUST BE GREATER THAN THE PRESSURES TRYING TO ESCAPE

23. 23 THERE ARE TWO COMMON WAYS THAT PRE-LOAD IS ACHIEVED: 1.TORQUE 2.TENSIONING Let’s Briefly Examine The Ways Each Of These Is Done And Their Relative Advantages And Problems

24. 24 SOME DEFINITIONS: TORQUE= ANGULAR MOMENTUM (CIRCULAR FORCE) usually measured in foot/pounds (sometimes also in newton/meters or kilogram/meters) FOOT/POUND= A TORQUE OF 1 POUND AT A DISTANCE OF 1 FOOT FROM THE CENTER you can double the torque by doubling either the force or the distance If you want more torque… Get a bigger hammer or a longer lever!

25. 25 By Using A Strain Gauge (Scale) It Is Possible To Measure How Much Pre-load Is Developed Per Unit Of Torque Applied To Any Given Bolt CHANGE WEIGHT OR DISTANCE AND YOU CHANGE LOAD

26. 26 KEEP IN MIND: In Bolting We Are Interested In Pre-load Or Clamping Force Not Torque. (But Since Load Is Difficult To Measure We Measure Torque As Away To Approximate Load)

27. 27 The Advantages Of Using Torque Are: 1.It Is Relatively Easy To Measure 2.Even Torque Means Even Load The Consistency Of Load From Bolt To Bolt… Is Often More Important Than How Tight The Bolts Are

28. 28 SINCE THE THREADED BOLT WAS INVENTED PEOPLE HAVE COME UP WITH SOME VERY CREATIVE WAYS OF TIGHTENING THEM CHEATER BARS (An Accident Waiting To Happen)

29. 29 HAMMER WRENCHES Oh, My Aching Back!! Watch Out Below!!

30. 30 IMPACT WRENCHES - small and large Noise And Vibration Fast Run-down But Fizzle At The End How Tight Is Tight??

31. 31 Examples Of Tools Used To Turn A Nut Or Bolt But None Of These Can Measure How Tight?

32. 32 So People Have Come Up With Some Other Ways Of Guessing At Load When Using These Tools TORQUE/TURN BOLT STRETCH ULTRA-SONIC LOAD INDICATORS

33. 33 With Hydraulics, Unlike Other Methods We Can Measure The Forces With Great Accuracy And Consistency 1. Each Bolt Will Be Exactly Tight Enough And What Is More Important- 2. Evenly Tight With Its Neighbors

34. 34 Let’s see if we got these concepts straight… Quiz #1

35. The End