2. A Study on Assistive Methods for the Visually Impaired BIOMETRIC ACCESSIBILITY Brian Stanton

3. Questions: How will the visually impaired use a fingerprint scanner? Location – Where is the scanner? Placement – Where to place the hand? Duration – How long is the hand left in place?

4. Interviews 10 visually disabled interviewees All had experience with fingerprinting Some had experience with electronic fingerprinting  In both cases their hands were manipulated by the operator Suggested verbal and/or audible cues Suggested tactile guides

5. Location Locator tones are used to locate crosswalk activators

6. Placement Tactile Guides Determined Placement Determined Size Cutout Opening in Textured Overlay

7. Duration Tone Beeping different from locator tones Haptic Mild vibration Start and End Indicators Constant throughout scan

8. Scanner Mockup Clear Acrylic Case Speaker Vibration Device Texture Overlay

9. Scanner Mockup Clear Acrylic Case Speaker Vibration Device Texture Overlay

10. Study Procedure Participant was given instructions Placed before scanner Locator tone sounded Stopped when scanner was touched Using textured surface, participant placed hand on scanner Duration was indicated Start tone and stop vibrate Continuous tone Continuous vibration

11. Results Participant numberVision Start beep End vibrate Start tone started End tone ceased Start vibration started End vibration ceased 1NoneOkUnclearOk 2NoneOkNo OkNo 3NoneOk NoOk 4NoneOkUnclearOkNoOk Start Beep – End Vibrate : Mismatched cues lead to confusion Constant Tone: Wasn’t sure what the ending of tone meant Constant Vibration: Correctly Indentified

12. Study Procedure 2 Participant was given instructions Placed before scanner Locator tone sounded Stopped when scanner was touched Using textured surface, participant placed hand on scanner Duration was indicated Start tone and stop tone Continuous vibration Accelerating Beeping

13. Results 2 Participant numberVision Start beepEnd beep Start vibrate End vibrate ceased Start beep Accelerated beep ceased 5LowOk no (gap) 6NoneOkNoOk no (gap) 8None 9 OkNoOk Ok (gap) Start Beep – End Beep : Ending tone was not identified Constant Vibration: Correctly identified Accelerated Beeps: Pause before final 2 beeps lead to confusion

14. Study Procedure 3 Participant was given instructions Placed before scanner Locator tone sounded Stopped when scanner was touched Using textured surface, participant placed hand on scanner Duration was indicated Start tone and stop tone Continuous vibration Accelerating Beeping-2

15. Results 3 Participant numberVision Start beep End beep Start vibrate End vibrate ceased Start beeping Accelerated beep ceased 10LowOk Ok (no gap) 11LowNo Ok Ok (no gap) 12NoneNoOk Ok (no gap) Start Beep – End Beep : Tones was not identified Constant Vibration: Correctly identified Accelerated Beeps -2: Correctly identified

16. Conclusions: Location – All participants located scanner Tone can be used for location Placement – All but one participant placed hand correctly Texture can be used for placement Duration – Either tone or vibration can be used for duration. But, duration indicator must be associated with a process.

17. Bigger Question If biometric devices will become a commonly acceptable method of secure identification, how will people with disabilities be able to use them?

18. BIGGER QUESTION

19. Concept: Adaptable Biometric Sensors

20. Personal Identity Verification of Federal Employees and Contractors Subject HSPD 12 : Policy for a Common Identification Standard for Federal Employees and Contractors (1) Wide variations in the quality and security of forms of identification used to gain access to secure Federal and other facilities where there is potential for terrorist attacks need to be eliminated. Therefore, it is the policy of the United States to enhance security, increase Government efficiency, reduce identity fraud, and protect personal privacy by establishing a mandatory, Government-wide standard for secure and reliable forms of identification issued by the Federal Government to its employees and contractors (including contractor employees).

21. Integration of Biometric Data into ID Badges

22. Possible Entrance Scenario Person approaches sensor Sensor looks for a biometric Face/Iris Fingerprint Voice

23. Question of Accessibility Mobility Impaired Reach the badge reader? Where to point camera? Use the fingerprint scanner? How long does the door remain open?

24. Question of Accessibility Badge reader lowered Fingerprint scanner within reach Lights to indicate operating mode

25. Question of Accessibility Hearing Impaired Sounds can’t be used to indicate status

26. Question of Accessibility Visually Impaired How to locate the badge reader? Iris scan might not work How to locate a fingerprint sensor Can’t see status lights

27. Question of Accessibility System has to accommodate a wide range of accessibility needs But doesn’t have to do it all at once for every person

28. Make the System Adapt to the User Not only have biometric data on a smartchip Have directions for sensor on distance readable format so sensor can adapt

29. Adaptable Sensor Encoded Badge: Transmits directions to scanner Adaptable Sensor: Texture Fingerprint Camera Voice Recognition Visual Indicators Audible Indicators

30. Adaptable Entrance Scenario 1.Sensor receives info and knows what actions to perform 2.E.g., Use camera and fingerprint 3.Display status lights to sighted user

31. Adaptable Entrance Scenario 2 Sensor receives info Sensor adapts, e.g., directs iris camera Door is held open longer

32. Adaptable Entrance Scenario 3 Sensor receives info Sensor adapts, emits locator tone Doesn’t enable iris camera, listens for voice and expects fingerprint Emits success tone instead of lights

33. Further Research Nature of the information to be encoded Interaction between badge and system Temporary user conditions Fallback process Appropriate timings and indicators Etc.