1. Expansion West
Period 4:

2. Expansion so far…
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Florida (1819)

3. Jackson’s Presidency Political Recap…
Jefferson James Madison—1808 James Monroe—1816 James Q. Adams— 1824 Jackson--1828
Jackson’s Presidency
B—Bank War
I—Indians
T—Tariffs
C—Common Man
H—hiring friends (spoils system)
I—?
N—Nullification Crisis

4. After Jackson: Whigs v. Democrats
Whig Party develops
Diverse group unified in their hatred for Jackson
Active in social reform, tended to be native born, economic nationalism…

5. Whigs run multiple candidates
Election of 1836
Democrats
Martin Van Buren
Whigs run multiple candidates
Daniel Webster (N)
Hugh Lawson White (S)
William Henry Harrison

6. Panic of 1837
Political nightmare for Van Buren Inflation, drastically cut wages, lack of available credit, etc… Influenced by Jackson’s bank war

7. Election of 1840 “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” War hero strategy
Lacked strategy for anything else
“puppet president” for H. Clay and D. Webster
John Tyler (VP) to carry the South

8. Plan Backfires… Harrison dies in office after one month
“His Accidency”
Southerner, slave owner, state rights, etc…
Expelled from Whig party
Congress was chaos

9. In the west…Mexican independence--1821
Americans poured into Mexican territory

11. Three regions of westward expansion
1) Oregon Territory –shared w/ Great Britain
“mountain men” & trade
panic of 1837 = “Oregon Fever”
mass migration: by there were 5,000 settlers in Willamette Valley
Oregon Trail
1845 = 5,000/year
1849 = 30,000
1850 = 55,000

12. Three regions of westward expansion
2) California
Franciscan friars—1769
50 + years
Enslaved native population
72,000 to 18,000
Californios—1834
Confiscated mission territory
Large ‘rancho’ grants from Mexican government
Occasional American trappers & traders
By 1846 approx 800 Americans and 10,000 Californios (settlers of Hispanic descent)

13. Three regions of westward expansion
3) Republic of Texas—1836
Stephen Austin—land grant
Buffer b/w Comanche & Texans
By 1824—20,000 white settlers plus enslaved blacks
Mexico gov was worried
Slavery was illegal
Outlawed immigration into Tejas (1830)
It didn’t work

14. Texan independence--1836 General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Was elected president
Dissolved congress
“Napoleon of the West”
Texans: “free our slaves to make slaves of us all”
Volunteers from southern US defended Texans
Battle of the Alamo

15. Texan independence--1836 Sam Houston Tennessee frontiersman
Fought w/ Jackson
Moved to Texas in 1832
Defeated Mexican army
Santa Anna bought freedom by recognizing Texan independence

16. The Lone Star Republic Sam Houston elected president
Jackson waited until last day in office to recognize the republic
Van Buren ignored the issue
Pro-slavery drew settlement
Population 1836 = 40,000
Population 1845 = 150,000
Annexation Treaty was rejected in 1843

17. Election of 1844—James K. Polk
Defeated Henry Clay
Dedicated expansionist
Southern Democrat
Plantation and slave owner
“Humorless, drab, workaholic, dogmatic”
Platform: reduce tariffs, annex Texas, resolve border disputes w/ Britain, and acquire Oregon, California, and New Mexico
He accomplished them all and died 3 months after leaving office

18. Oregon Country-- 54°40' or Fight
Expansionist prepared to go to war w/ Britain
Polk supported it
Britain proposed a treaty to extend 49th parallel
James Buchanan (Sec. of State) signed in 1846
Why no war?

19. Mexican War Texas joins union—1845
Mexico breaks off relations with US a few days later
Polk orders several thousand US troops into disputed territory
Provoked attach & declared war
Army grew from 7,000 to 78,700 troops
40,000 + were state militia men unregulated and undisciplined

20. The War—1846-1848 General Zachary Taylor Fought on four fronts
Southern Texas
Central Mexico
New Mexico
California

21. Shady deals Polk made a deal w/ Santa Anna (exiled to Cuba)
End the war
US pays Santa Anna for territory
Backfired

22. The end & The Legacy US defeated Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
US acquired border at Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California for 15 million
Very deadly
“first” imperial war
Ulysses S. Grant: “one of the most unjust wars ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation” –Cival War was “our punishment” for the “unholy Mexican war”
Necessitated the Department of the Interior