1. Update on effective volumes and energy reconstruction A. Trovato, INFN - LNS

2. Detector layout 50 Strings 50 Strings OM=31 3”PMTs OM=31 3”PMTs 20 OM in each string 20 OM in each string 6 m vertical distance between OM 6 m vertical distance between OM 20 m average distance between strings 20 m average distance between strings A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Instrumented volume = 1.75 Mt 1

3. A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 KM3 (v4r4) Light & hits KM3 (v4r4) Light & hits GEASIM (v4r13seawiet) Light & hits GEASIM (v4r13seawiet) Light & hits RECO Reconstruction code (see my talk in the software session) RECO Reconstruction code (see my talk in the software session) MODK40 (v4r13seawiet) 40 K Background hits MODK40 (v4r13seawiet) 40 K Background hits GENDET geometry GENDET geometry Genhen (v6r10 seawiet) Neutrino generator Genhen (v6r10 seawiet) Neutrino generator Simulation chain 2

4. A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Light & hits from muon Light & hits from hadronic shower Reconstruction code 40 K Background hits detector info Genie Neutrino generator Genie Neutrino generator Simulation chain 3

5. Effective volumes and angular error With more stringent cuts both the angular error and the effective volumes are reduced Trovato Agata, ORCA meeting, 05-06 December 2012 Only events generated inside the can volume (≈100 Mton) 4 θ

6. Effective volumes and angular error Trovato Agata, ORCA meeting, 05-06 December 2012 Only events with the muon vertex inside the instrumented volume Public plots? 5 θ

7. Effective volumes and angular error Trovato Agata, ORCA meeting, 05-06 December 2012 Only events with the muon track full contained in the instrumented volume Probably this condition is too stringent: considering the high absorption length of light in water, an energy estimate will be possible even if the track goes outside the detector 6 θ

8. Muon Track length estimate A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013  Results presented in Catania too optimistic: I used unwittingly info about the vertex from the MC truth!  New procedure described in the following slides: First estimate of the muon track length based on the hits projection on the track  track length overestimated because of hits from hadronic shower First estimate of the muon track length based on the hits projection on the track  track length overestimated because of hits from hadronic shower Study of the hadronic shower Study of the hadronic shower Attempt to calculate the vertex from hadronic shower Attempt to calculate the vertex from hadronic shower 7

9. Muon Track length estimate – part I Hits used: Hits selected with time residual - 10ns< Δ t res <10ns High density of points P i along the track required (1Point/2meter) A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 P 0,t 0 Reconstructed Muon track Hit P 1,t 1 P * 1,t * 1 θCθC θCθC Hit P * 0,t * 0 Hit P 2,t 2 P * 2,t * 2 θCθC P 3,t 3 θCθC Hit P * 3,t * 3 P n,t n θCθC Hit P * n,t * n  From the position P * i and the time t * i of each hit, the photon emission point P i and the emission time t i can be calculated  The distance between the first point P 0 and the last point P n is an estimate of the muon track length 8 Cherenkov photon Photon emission point

10. Muon Track length estimate – part I A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 P 0,t 0 Reconstructed Muon track Hit P 1,t 1 P * 1,t * 1 θCθC θCθC Hit P * 0,t * 0 Hit P 2,t 2 P * 2,t * 2 θCθC P 3,t 3 θCθC Hit P * 3,t * 3 P n,t n θCθC Hit P * n,t * n 9 Cherenkov photon Track length often overestimated because of hits from hadronic shower First vertex estimate A different vertex estimate in needed

11. Hadronic shower analysis A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Output from geasim  no 40 K background 10 Muon track Hit Vertex Radial distance Transverse distance Longitudinal distance ORCA detector, E ν < 20 GeV Integrals normalized to 1 90% of hits from hadronic shower have a radial distance <60m

12. Hadronic shower analysis A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Assuming the evolution of the shower as a spherical wave, each hit time should be: t i = t vertex + r i /v Output from geasim  no 40 K background Radial distance hit-vertex light speed in water Defining a “time residual” as Δ t = recorded – expected time = t i – (t V +r i /v), 99% of hits from shower have - 10ns< Δ t<20ns 11 zoom

13. Hadronic shower vertex A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Assuming the evolution of the shower as a spherical wave, each hit time should be: t i = t vertex + r i /v light speed in water From this equation an estimate of the vertex position can be calculated expressing r i and t vertex as a function of the distance along the track between the vertex and the position P’ of the muon at an arbitrary time t’ Shower Hit If vx, vy, vz are the director cosines of the muon track and P’=(x’,y’,z’) x v = x’ - d*vx y v = y’ - d*vy z v = z’ - d*vz t v = t’ - d/c Muon track Shower Hit Muon position at an arbitrary time P’,t’ P v,t v P i,t i d P j,t j Shower Hit P k,t k rjrj riri rkrk Vertex d can be calculated analytically for each hit solving a quadratic equation: 2 solution 12 Radial distance hit-vertex

14. Hadronic shower vertex A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Output from geasim  no 40 K background To test the calculation of d described before, I used as reference the real muon track ORCA detector, E ν < 20 GeV 13 Test I: P’= real vertex  d should be = 0 ORCA detector, E ν < 20 GeV Test II: P’= real vertex moved of 20 m along the muon track  d should be = 20

15. Vertex + track length estimate A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 201314 Same procedure applied to the reconstructed track with all hits Same procedure applied to the reconstructed track with all hits Find a peak in the d distribution is complicated because you have a sum of hits from shower + hits from muon + hits from 40 K Find a peak in the d distribution is complicated because you have a sum of hits from shower + hits from muon + hits from 40 K When the peak is not clear I try to clean my hit list using what I learnt about the radial and temporal distribution from the MC truth When the peak is not clear I try to clean my hit list using what I learnt about the radial and temporal distribution from the MC truth Vertex estimate is possible with this method only for 30% of events that have the muon track contained in the instrumented volume and that permit a first estimation of the muon track length with the projected hits (5GeV<E ν <20GeV) Vertex estimate is possible with this method only for 30% of events that have the muon track contained in the instrumented volume and that permit a first estimation of the muon track length with the projected hits (5GeV<E ν <20GeV) If this method fails, I use the first vertex estimate described before from the first photon emission point If this method fails, I use the first vertex estimate described before from the first photon emission point The track length is estimated as the distance between the estimated vertex and the last photon emission point accepted The track length is estimated as the distance between the estimated vertex and the last photon emission point accepted

16. A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 201315 Results: vertex + track length estimate Events generated with 5GeV<E ν <20GeV and the real muon track fully contained in the instrumented volume: N gen =16380 events generated with at least 5 signal hits N gen =16380 events generated with at least 5 signal hits N rec = 15397 reconstructed events N rec = 15397 reconstructed events 14149 events permit the track length estimate (L>0) 14149 events permit the track length estimate (L>0) 12298 events permit the track length estimate and have Λ >-7 12298 events permit the track length estimate and have Λ >-7 9526 events permit the track length estimate and have Λ >-6 9526 events permit the track length estimate and have Λ >-6 % w.r.t. Nrec L>092% L>0 && Λ >-780% L>0 && Λ >-662%

17. Muon Track length estimate Only events with E ν <20GeV and the muon track fully contained in the instrumented volume (1.75 Mton) A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 Events with positive estimated length (L>0) 5 GeV < E ν < 20GeV Λ >-7 zoom 16  Horizontal errors: only to highlight each bin range  Vertical errors: standard deviation from the mean value

18. Muon Track length estimate Only events with E ν <20GeV and the muon track fully contained in the instrumented volume (1.75 Mton) A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 201317

19. Muon energy estimate A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 201318 Muon energy calculated from the track length Only events with E ν <20GeV and the muon track fully contained in the instrumented volume (1.75 Mton)

20. Muon energy estimate A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 201319 E ν <20GeV

21. Outlook  Improvement on the interaction vertex estimate using a minimization instead of the analytical solution  Try to estimate the shower energy  Containment conditions and veto  Simulations with genie Trovato Agata, ORCA meeting, 05-06 December 2012

22. Backup slides A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 21

23. Old Muon Energy Reconstruction  For each hit, P 1 and t 1 can be calculated from P 2 and t 2  The relation between d and t = (t 1 -t 0 ) should be d/t = muon speed = c  Maximum value of d=P 1 -P 0 can be used to estimate the muon track length ATTENTION: In my first calculation I’ve used P 0 as an estimate of the vertex position but it’s not correct! The track reconstruction gives the position P 0 at an arbitrary time t 0 =0 and in the simulation t=0 is the interaction time so P 0 is a good estimate of the vertex position only in the simulation! A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 The vertex position can be estimated from the first P 1 or from the distribution of the hits in the hadronic shower. Reconstructed Muon track Hit Muon reconstructed position at an arbitrary time P 0,t 0 P 1,t 1 P 2,t 2 d θCθC 22

24. A. Trovato, KM3NeT general meeting, 30 January 2013 23