1. What Are the Major Physiological Systems ? Nervous system – relays messages through nerve impulses Nervous system – relays messages through nerve impulses  Responsible for controlling and integrating the other systems of the body  Neurons are the basic units Endocrine system – glands which secrete chemical messages (hormones) Endocrine system – glands which secrete chemical messages (hormones)

2. What Are the Major Parts of a Neuron ? Dendrites – receive information Dendrites – receive information Cell body – generates electrical signals or action potentials Cell body – generates electrical signals or action potentials action potentials action potentials Axon – transmits signals at the synapse by way of neurotransmitters Axon – transmits signals at the synapse by way of neurotransmitterssignalssynapseneurotransmitterssignalssynapseneurotransmitters

3. Neuron

4. Action Potential Movie

5. What Are the Major Divisions of the Nervous System ? Central nervous system (CNS) Central nervous system (CNS)  Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)  Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

6. CNS & PNS

7. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? The brain consists of 3 major parts The brain consists of 3 major parts  Hindbrain – brainstem  Midbrain – limbic system  Forebrain – cerebral cortex

8. Hindbrain Graphic

9. Midbrain Graphic

10. Forebrain Graphic

11. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? The brain is divided into a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere The brain is divided into a left hemisphere and a right hemisphereleft hemisphereright hemisphereleft hemisphereright hemisphere

12. Left hemisphere movie

13. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? The corpus callosum connects the hemispheres The corpus callosum connects the hemispheres

14. Split Brain Movie

15. What Are the Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System ? Somatic nervous system – connects CNS with the skeletal muscles & senses Somatic nervous system – connects CNS with the skeletal muscles & senses Autonomic nervous system – connects CNS with the internal organs and glands Autonomic nervous system – connects CNS with the internal organs and glands  Sympathetic division – produces the emergency reaction  Parasympathetic division – returns body to normal functioning

16. Endocrine System

17. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? Pituitary gland – the most influential gland Pituitary gland – the most influential gland  Influenced by the hypothalamus  Regulates growth  Controls other glands  Located on the underside of the brain

18. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? Thyroid gland – located below the larynx Thyroid gland – located below the larynx  Produces thyroxin  Regulates body’s metabolism Parathyroid glands – 4 pea-shaped organs in the thyroid gland Parathyroid glands – 4 pea-shaped organs in the thyroid gland  Regulates calcium in blood  Related to excitability of nervous system

19. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? Pancreas – located in stomach area Pancreas – located in stomach area  Regulates level of sugar in blood by secreting insulin Gonads – ovaries & testes Gonads – ovaries & testes  Produces secondary sex characteristics Adrenal glands – located above kidneys Adrenal glands – located above kidneys  Helps with fight/flight/fright reaction