1. Lucila Beato UNMIL/HRPS
Applying a HRBA to Monitoring the Implementation of the AfT: Review of Basic Principles
Lucila Beato UNMIL/HRPS
Buchanan, 15/11/2012
This session explains:
What is HRBA
Why a HRBA

2. 1. What is Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA). 2
1. What is Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA)? 2. The HRBA in the Development Processes 3. Linking Rights with Results: Monitoring and Evaluation
This session explains:
What is HRBA
Why a HRBA

3. What is HRBA? This session explains:
What is HRBA to development programming

4. What is a Human Rights Based Approach?
The development process is normatively based on international HR standards and principles
It recognizes human beings as rights-holders and establishes obligations for duty-bearers.
It focuses on discriminated and marginalized groups
It aims for the progressive achievement of all human rights
It gives equal importance to the outcome and process of development
Tip for presenter. This presentation comes after the group work on the HRBA which will have already dealt with a lot of content issues that are covered in the present session. While running the presentation, do refer to issues emerge and discussed in the groups work.

5. What is a human rights-based approach to development?
Rhetorical repackaging?
Political conditionality?
Adding human rights activities?
Tip for presenter. This presentation comes after the group work on the HRBA which will have already dealt with a lot of content issues that are covered in the present session. While running the presentation, do refer to issues emerge and discussed in the groups work. 5

6. A HRBA helps the UN and partners to answer 4 critical questions:
Who has been left behind and why?
What are they entitled to?
 Who has to do something about it?
 What do they need, to take action?

7. Why a human rights-based approach?
Intrinsic value
based on universal values
Universal legal standards for a life with dignity
Instrumental to intervention strategies
Addresses power inequalities and discrimination
Deals with weaknesses in accountability systems
Objective framework to manage conflicts and seek redress
Institutional reasons (UN comparative advantage)
Impartiality to deal with sensitive issues
Holistic analysis and integral responses to problems

8. What is a Human Rights-Based Approach?
Conscious and systematic integration of human rights standards and human rights principles in all aspects of programming work
A human rights-based approach entails consciously and systematically paying attention to human rights and rights principles in all aspects of programming work.

9. Step by Step to a HRBA Human Rights Principles
1. Situation Assessment and Analysis
2. Planning and Design
4. Monitoring and Evaluation
3. Implementation

10. A HRBA… Emphasizes processes and outcomes
Draws attention to marginalized populations
Works towards equitable service delivery
Extends and deepens participation
Ensures local ownership of development processes
Strengthens accountability of all actors

11. The Human Rights Based Approach in the Development Process

12. All programmes of development co-operation should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the UDHR and other international human rights instruments
GOAL
The realization of human rights is the ultimate goal of all development programmes
HRBA influences the identification of the strategic priorities
Programming is informed by the recommendations of International HR bodies and mechanisms

13. 2) Human rights standards and principles guide all development cooperation and programming in all sectors and in all phases of the programming process
PROCESS
Human Rights standards and principles improve the quality of outcomes and processes
Human rights standards delineate the ‘playing field’ in which development takes place
HR principles provide the “playing rules” for the development process.

14. …The integration of human rights principles and standards into all stages of the programming process…
ASSESSMENT & ANALYSIS
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PRIORITY SETTING
PROGRAMME PLANNING
AND DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION

15. Human Rights Standards
The normative content of the right: the type of claims and corresponding obligations contained in a right
In programming, the standards guide:
…Identification of development challenges as human rights issues (assessment)
…Analysis of roles and capacities of rights-holders and duty bearers
…Definition of development objectives
…Formulation of corresponding benchmarks and indicators 15

16. Human Rights Principles
Universality and inalienability
Indivisibility
Interdependence and Inter-relatedness
Equality and non-discrimination
Participation and inclusion
Accountability and rule of law

17. Participation and empowerment: both a means and an end
« The Government will promote farmer-based organization as representatives of farming communities and will ensure their role in local level planning. FBOs will play a key role in defining the kinds of services to be provided and will be the main mechanism for building the capacity of farmers » (Liberia PRS, p. 63).
Empowerment ↑↑
Joint decision making
Consultation
Information sharing 17

18. Focus on relation individuals-State (claims-obligations)
3) Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of ‘duty-bearers’ to meet their obligations and/or of ‘rights-holders’ to claim their rights
OUTCOME
Focus on relation individuals-State (claims-obligations)
Shifting development from service delivery as primary focus to building capacity to claim and fulfil human rights
States require capacity to strengthen national protection systems and comply with their obligations

19. Rights-holders and Duty-bearers
Right-holders:
6,652,595,567 persons
Every individual, either a man woman or child, of any race, ethnic group or social condition
To some extent groups
Duty-bearers:
Much less
Primarily States
In some cases individuals have specific obligations
Individuals and private entities have generic responsibilities towards the community to respect the rights of others

20. The role of Capacity Development

21. Linking Rights with Results: Monitoring & Evaluation

22. Monitoring vs. Evaluation
Systematic, ongoing
During programme implementation
Tracking of activities and progress
According to AWP
For short term corrective action
Accountability for implementation
Contributes to evaluation
Conducted by insiders
Are we doing things right?
Systematic, periodic
During and after programme implementation
Judgment of merit, value or worth of a programme/project
Compared to evaluation criteria (relevance, effectiveness, impact)
For decision-making about future programmes
Accountability for results
For office & organizational learning
Conducted by impartial outsiders
Did we do the right things?

23. Measures of performance Monitoring = Are we doing things right
Measures of performance Monitoring = Are we doing things right? Evaluation = Did we do the right things? Indicators = How do we know?

24. What is an indicator? A tool to measure:
(i) evidence of progress towards a result or
(ii) that a result has been achieved
Indicators can be:
(i) quantitative
(ii) qualitative

25. HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
Based on claims and obligations in human rights standards
What to measure?
Programme performance (Impact, Outcomes, Output)
Programme process: Participation, accountability and non-discrimination
Programme context:
existence of laws, policies and institutional mechanisms
Duty-bearers’ efforts to meet their obligations
Right-holders’ disparities in enjoying rights
Based on human rights principles

26. HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation
How to measure?
Identify the rights-holders and duty-bearers who will contribute to the M&E process either as:
-Information providers, for example line ministries
-Independent information interpreters, for example National Human Rights Institutions
Bring them together in a participatory process
Ensure access to available information and data on the programme