1. Forming A New Nation  How did Enlightenment Philosophers influence the US Constitution? The FederalistsThe Anti-Federalists

2. Americans Create A Republic  1781 – the thirteen states ratify the Articles of Confederation  The Articles made the US a republic (people elect reps) but each state has more power than federal (US) government  Its hard to govern the new country since 9 of the 13 states had to agree on laws, collecting taxes, and trade  Colonial leaders realized they need a strong federal govt  A Constitutional Convention was formed to fix the problem  55 delegates used Enlightenment ideas to write constitution

3.  The two groups compromise & pass a federal constitution with a Bill of Rights (1787)  Washington, who was offered the title of King would turn that down and will be elected the nation’s first President (1789) FederalistAnti-Federalist George Washington, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry Strong Federal GovernmentMore power for individual states Separation of powers, checks and balances Individual rights & freedoms  Two groups dominate the convention

4. Enlightenment Philosopher & IdeaWhere it’s found Rousseau – Rousseau – Direct Voting1)People elect congress/president 2)Majority rules Locke Locke – natural rights, people born free & equal 1)Declaration of Independence 2) “We the People” - Constitution 3) 14 th Amendment – Constitution Montesquieu Montesquieu - Separation of powers 1)US Constitution Articles I, II, III 2)Powers divided 3 branches 3) System of check & balances Voltaire – Voltaire – Freedom of speech, civil liberties 1) Bill of Rights 2)Freedom of speech, religion, etc) Beccaria – Beccaria – Legal Rights & fair court system 1)Judicial Review (Article III) 2) Bill of rights provides legal rights to accused Wollstonecraft – Wollstonecraft – equality for women 1)19 th Amendment – Constitution 2) Title IX – Federal Law