1. Political Organization of Space
An Introduction

2. Political Concepts in Space
Territoriality
Attempt by individual or group to control people, phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area

3. Political Concepts in Space
Sovereignty
having the “last say” (control) over a territory – politically or militarily
Territorial integrity
Ability of a government to control its territory

4. Critical Thinking: List Examples of…
State
Nation
Nation-State
Multinational State
Multi-state Nation

5. Birth of the Modern State
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Treaty that ended “Thirty Years’ War”
Clearly defined borders, recognition of statehood, guarantees of security
Territory over people

6. Nation, State, Nation-State
We often use nation, state and country interchangeably, but there are distinctions:
Nation
Culturally defined group of people with shared past

7. Nation, State, Nation-State
A politically organized territory with
A permanent population
A defined territory
A government

8. Nation, State, Nation-State
A politically organized area where nation and state occupy the same space
European Model

9. Diffusion of Nation-State
European colonialism
Colonialism
Rule by an autonomous power of a subordinate power
Often creates unequal cultural and economic relations
Two waves
16th Century – Americas
19th Century – Africa/Asia

11. Diffusion of Nation-State
Colonial administration
Europeans replicate political organization of home country
Administrative regions survive as independent states today
Often, colonial borders have little to do with ethnicity or national identity

12. Democracy
People, rather than monarchy or colonizer, are ultimate sovereign
Nation is associated with state

13. Types of States Multinational State
More than one nation in its borders

14. Multistate Nation
When a nation’s boundaries cross two or more states

15. Stateless Nation
A people (nation) without a state of their own

16. Enclave A nation or state completely surrounded by another state
Lesotho in South Africa
Any enclaves in the United States?

17. Enclaves in America

18. Exclave
Part of a nation or state that is not connected to the rest of the state
Kaliningrad, Russia
Are there any US exclaves?

19. American Exclaves

20. Capitalism Dominant economic system
Market for goods and services determines allocation
Commodification
Placing monetary value on all things

21. Capitalist World System
Immanuel Wallerstein (1987)
In a capitalist world you will have three tiers of states:
Core
Greater wealth; high technology
Periphery
Poor; low technology
Semi-periphery
Mix