2. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K1 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA COALFIELD, INDIA dr kalyan sen, director Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad MGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2K

3. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K2

4. 3 Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth) u Only repository of prime coking coal in India u Total reserves: 19,430 Mt u Prime coking : 5,313 Mt u Medium coking: 6,164 Mt u So called non-coking: 7,953 Mt

5. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K4 Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years) 19051910191519201925193019351940194519501955196519701980198519901994 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 O/C(Mt)U/G(Mt)TOTAL(Mt) PRODUCTION TREND OF COAL IN JCF (Mt) Year

6. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K5 Annualized Growth Rate (%) in JCF Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years) 190519101915192019251930193519401945195019551960196519701975198019851990 0 10 20 30 40 -10 -20 Production(Mt) Growth rate (%)

7. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K6 Sustainable development in any industrial system demands an increase in pdn by national GR level or decrease in the cost of pdn by same level. Annualized growth rate, %: 1910 141944-660.5-4.0 19252.0198822.0 1935 -3.01989 -13.6 After nationalization : 2-3 % (as compared to national GR 6-8%)

8. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K7 Quality of Jharia coals: Chemical characteristics: Barakar Fmn Raniganj Fmn Moisture (air dried) 0.9-1.8% 1.4-2.3% Ash 16.7-29.7% 21.3-32.3% VM(dmf) 20.5-33% 34.7- 40.1% Carbon (elemental) 88.4-91.5%` 84.6- 88.4% (pure coal basis) Heat value(k cal/kg) 8613-8819 8500-8980

9. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K8 Quality contd…. u Petrographic composition: u (Visible min. mat. Free basis) CharacteristicsUpper seamsLr. Seams Vitrinite56.5-70.3%25.3-57.3% Liptinite1.0-3.9%0.6-1.4%? Inertinite28.1-38.3%27.3-62.1% Ro0.9-1.25% 1.25-14.3%

10. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K9 Quality contd…. u Lr. Seam (I-V/VI/VII & VIII) coals of the region have high reflectance and produce good coke from washed coal having total reactive contents 55-65%. u Use of such coal as power coal is simply wastage of scarce coking coal resource

11. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K10

12. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K11 Washed Coal Analysis Chemical (%) EastWest Moisture 1.0 1.0 Ash 17.0 18.3 V. M. ( air dry) 17.0 15.0 Petrographic (vol. %) Vitrinite 53.045.0 Semi vitrinite 5.0 4.8 Exinite (Liptinite) - 0.3 Inertinite 35.031.5 Min. Matter 14.015.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- Mean R0% 1.271.29

13. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K12 Washed Coal Coke Property Porosity %48.5 CRI12.6 CSR72.9 M 40 82.6 M 10 9.8

14. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K13 Cleans Rejects Foundry Coal Power Coal 4- product separation Cost of washed coal is 3 times of raw coal

15. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K14

16. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K15 Figure 4A- A typical product mix from beneficiation of difficult-to-wash coal ( Raw coal ash 35-37%) Rejects (60-65% ash) 29% Middlings (34% ash) 21% Foundry Fuel (28% ash) 22% Cleans (18% ash) 28%

17. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K16Conclusion u Washing of lower seam coals ardent necessary u Raw coal production level is to be increased by 6 to 8% or expenditure on production to be decreased by same level u CFRI techniques(multi-stage washing) of optimum beneficiation of high ash coal may be helpful

18. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K17Conclusion 3 washing of ‘difficult-to-wash’ lower seam coals is a must to meet the requirement of the nation 3 beneficiation of the high ash coals from 35- 50% ash level to 17-18% reduces the yield. Multi- stage/ stream washing will be the only cost-effective solution under the present crisis

19. MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K18Conclusion 3 The concept can be suitably retrofitted to the existing washeries without bringing major changes 3 Beneficiation with minimum discharge from the washeries strengthens the awareness for protecting the environment