1. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실

2. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실  Introductions  Concentration expressions  Equivalent weights  Ideal solution & Real solution  Colligative properties

3. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실  Composition Solvent Solute  Classification True solution ex) sucrose soln., air Coarse dispersion ex) spray, blood Colloidal dispersion ex) acacia soln., milk

4. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실  Colligative properties vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression  Additive properties molecular weight  Constitutive properties refraction of light, electric properties

5. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Expression Symbol Molarity Normality Molality Mole fration Mole percent Percent M, c N m X, N % w/w, v/v, w/v Characteristics Dependent on temp. Independent on temp.

6. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Equivalent weight is …. The quantities of atom or molecule combining with 1.008 g of hydrogen Equivalent weight = atomic weight / valence

7. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 NaCl 0.01mole 1 L “ 분자간의 인력이 균일 ”

8. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Temperature, Concentration, Pressure…..

9. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Equilibrium vapor pressure

10. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 P A = P’ A * X A P B = P’ B * X B P= P A + P B

11. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 > < Adhesion Cohesion

12. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Ex) chloroform + acetone dilution effect attraction Van der Waals force >

13. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Ex) benzene + ethanol escaping tendency 의 증가 부분 증기압 증가 < P solvent = P’ solvent * X solvent

14. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 P solute = K solute * X solute

15. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Temperature Mole fraction A e f a c B d v2v2 b v1v1 Vapor Liquid

16. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 A mixture of constant composition and constant boiling point ex) HCl in water 20.22% (w/w) bp : 108.58 ℃

17. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 P solvent = P’ solvent * X solvent = P’ solvent * (1-X solute ) P / P’ solvent = X solute 측정 : manometer, osmometer, isopiestic method, thermoelectric method

18. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 T b = K * X 2 = K b * m Cottrell boiling point apparatus

19. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 T f = K f * m Beckmann method Equilibrium method

20. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Osmometer Osmosis vs VP depression Osmosis

21. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 πV = n R T π : osmotic pressure in atm V : volume of solution in liter n : number of moles of solute R : 0.082 (liter*atm) / (mole*deg) T : absolute temperature π= R T * m Morse Equation m: Molal conc.

22. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 1) Vapor pressure lowering 이용 P / P’ = X 2 = n 2 / (n 1 + n 2 ) W 2 / M 2 W 1 / M 1 W 2 *M 1 *P’ W 1 * P = M 2 =

23. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 2) Boiling point elevation Freezing point lowering T b = K b * m T f = K f * m 1000 * W 2 W 1 * M 2 K b * 1000 * W 2 K f * 1000 * W 2 W 1 * P W 1 * P m = M 2 = 이용 =

24. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 3) Osmotic pressure 이용 π = n * R * T / V n = W 2 / M 2 W 2 * R * T π * V M 2 =