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3.2- EXPLAINING MOLECULAR FORMULAS Molecular Substances
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Different Terms Molecular Substances belong to two groups Molecular elements Two of the same non-metals O 2 Molecular Compounds Two different non-metals CO 2.
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Molecular Elements Due to their reactive nature, some elements will never be found as single atoms. H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, C l 2, Br 2, I 2 These can be explained with Lewis models S 8 and P 4. These are not easily explained via models
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Molecular Elements (cont.) Draw Lewis Models for F 2, H 2 and for N 2. OO O O O +
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Structural Diagrams To convert a Lewis Model into a Structural Diagram, replace each covalent bond (pair of shared electrons) with a dash. Draw Structural Models for F 2, H 2 and for N 2. OO O=O
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Types of Bonds Covalent bonds can be Single ( 1 pair of shared electrons ) Double ( 2 pair of shared electrons ) Triple ( 3 pair of shared electrons ) More bonds are stronger bonds
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Determination of Ionic Formula’s Given a metal & non-metal such as calcium and nitrogen you can “figure out” the product Ca 3 N 2 by “swapping charges” and simplest whole number ratios.
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Determination of Molecular Formula Given two non-metals you can not “figure out” the product. You either memorize or use the name.
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Drawing Molecular Structures Additional rules are needed to draw the more complex molecular structures. Draw a molecular structure for C 2 H 6 Draw the electron dot diagram of the atom that has the highest bonding capacity. Form shared pairs of bonding electrons with the remaining atoms.
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If any bonding electrons remain on adjacent atoms, form a double or triple bond. In the finished electron dot diagram, all atoms (except hydrogen) should contain a stable octet. Draw a structural diagram of the molecule.
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