2. Tissue Engineering Grow 3D tissues for implantation Grow 3D tissues for in vitro testing Need cardiovascular TE b/c cardiomyocytes don’t grow – Mixed results for progenitor cells

3. Approaches In situ Cell injection Cell sheets Cell implantation in scaffolds Pre-grow in vitro Apply mechanical (or electrical) stimulation

5. Old Eschenhagen work… http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/vol90/issue2/images/data/223/DC1/Movie_Clip.mpg Zimmerman et al., Tissue Engineering of a Differentiated Cardiac Muscle Construct, Circulation Research 2002, 90(2), 223-230.

7. Modified Langendorff (20a) apparatus for perfusion of isolated rabbit hearts. Schwanke U et al. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2115-2122 ©1996 by American Physiological Society

8. = Time?

13. Movie 1: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/e xtref/nm1684-S2.mov http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/e xtref/nm1684-S2.mov

14. Movie 2: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684-S3.movhttp://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684-S3.mov

16. Supplementary movies 3 and 4: Recellularized heart construct with an estimate of wall movement on day 4. Colored squares on the surface of each view indicate the region from which movement was estimated. The trace below indicates movement in mm for each square showing minimal to no delay (i.e., synchrony) among the regions. Maximum deflection of these regions of recellularized myocardium was approximately 0.6 mm. Pulsatile flow pump turned off during movie capture. Movie 3: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684- S4.mov http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684- S4.mov Movie 4: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684- S5.mov http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/extref/nm1684- S5.mov

19. Oh, and we did a pig heart too….

23. LV end-systolic diameter LV end-diastolic diameter end-diastolic anterior wall thickness