1. Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 1 ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 24: October 27, 2014 Distributed RC Wire and Elmore Delay

2. Previously: Equivalent RC Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 2

3. Previously: Chain without Inverters Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 3

4. Today Estimate delay in RC Network –Elmore delay calculation Wire Delay Apply to pass transistor circuits Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 4

5. Distributed RC Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 5

6. What is response? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 6

7. SPICE Response Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 7

8. Intuition Look at series of R’s on path –Must move Q=V(  C) across each R Not as much as if both R’s precede C’s Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 8

9. Elmore Delay For each resistor Ri in path –Compute C Ri = sum of all C’s downstream of Ri –Delay through Ri is Ri×C Ri Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 9

10. Superposition Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 10

11. Superposition Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 11 R1 C1 R1 R2 C2 R1 R2 C1 C2

12. Superposition Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 12 R1 C1 R1 R2 C2 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*C1(R1+R2)*C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2

13. Superposition not concurrent Don’t happen concurrently since must divide current Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 13

14. Superposition For R1=R2=R, C1=C2=C –Delay = 3RC Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 14 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2

15. Compare KCL: Setup Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 15 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 Equations from KCL? (V1-V2)/R1 = (V2-V3)/R2 + C1(dV2/dt) (V2-V3)/R2=C2(dV3/dt) V2 V3

16. Rearrange Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 16 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 (V1-V2)/R1 = (V2-V3)/R2 + C1(dV2/dt) V1/R1=V2/R1+V2/R2-V3/R2+C1(dV2/dt) (V2-V3)/R2=C2(dV3/dt) V2=V3+R2*C2(dV3/dt) V2 V3 ALGEBRA (will skip)

17. Substitute Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 17 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 V1/R1=V2/R1+V2/R2-V3/R2+C1(dV2/dt) = V2(1/R1+1/R2)-V3/R2+C1(dV2/dt) V2=V3+R2*C2(dV3/dt) V1/R1=(V3+R2*C2(dV3/dt))(1/R1+1/R2)- V3/R2+C1(dV3/dt+R2*C2*d 2 V3/dt) V2 3 ALGEBRA (will skip)

18. Multiply by R1 Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 18 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 V1/R1=(V3+R2*C2(dV3/dt))(1/R1+1/R2) -V3/R2+C1(dV3/dt+R2*C2*d 2 V3/dt) V1=V3+(R1*C2+R2*C2+R1*C1)(dV3/dt )+R2*C2*R1*C1*(d 2 V3/dt) V2 V3 ALGEBRA (will skip)

19. Simplify Problem Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 19 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 V1=V3+(R1*C2+R2*C2+R1*C1)(dV3/dt )+R2*C2*R1*C1*(d 2 V3/dt) Simplify R1=R2=R, C1=C2=C V1=V3+(3RC)dV3/dt+(RC) 2 dV3/dt V2 V3

20. Exponential Solution Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 20 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 V1=V3+(3RC)dV3/dt+(RC) 2 dV3/dt V3=A(1+e xt ) V1=A+Ae xt +(3RC)x Ae xt +(RC) 2 x 2 Ae xt A=V1 0=1+(3RC)x+(RC)x 2 V2 V3

21. KCL-Based Solution Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 21 R1 R2 C1 C2 R1*(C1+C2)+R2*C2 V3=A(1+e xt ) 0=1+(3RC)x+(RC)x 2 Quadratic Equation: V2 V3

22. SPICE Response Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 22

23. Elmore Delay For each resistor Ri in path –Compute C Ri = sum of all C’s downstream of Ri –Delay through Ri is Ri×C Ri Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 23

24. Apply Y What is Elmore delay? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 24

25. Apply to Y Imagine shorting A and B Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 25 A B

26. Apply Y 1000  ×3pF +1000  ×1pF =4ns Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 26

27. SPICE Response Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 27

28. Elmore Delay For each resistor Ri in path –Compute C Ri = sum of all C’s downstream of Ri –Delay through Ri is Ri×C Ri Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 28

29. Wire Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 29

30. Wire Capacitance Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 30

31. Wire Resistance Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 31

32. Wire as RC Ladder Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 32

33. Wire Delay as f(L) Measure wire length in units –Say –Each lambda have Cunit, Runit Capacitance and resistance of wire of length Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 33

34. Wire Delay Delay of Wire N units long: Runit*(N*Cunit) +Runit((N-1)*Cunit +Runit*(N-2)*Cunit+… +Runit*Cunit =(Runit*Cunit)*(N+N-1+N-2+….1) Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 34

35. Sum of integers What’s the sum of the integer 1 to N? N+N-1+N-2+…1 Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 35

36. Sum of integers What’s the sum of the integer 1 to N? N+N-1+N-2+…1 Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 36

37. Wire Delay Wire N units long: Runit*(N*Cunit)+Runit((N-1)*Cunit +Runit*(N-2)*Cunit+…+Runit*Cunit =(Runit*Cunit)*(N+N-1+N-2+….1) =Runit*Cunit*N 2 /2 Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 37

38. Lumped RC Wire? What would the delay be if we treated the wire as lumped R and C? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 38 Rwire = N×RunitCwire = N×Cunit

39. Wire Delay Rwire = N*Runit Cwire=N*Cunit Wire delay = Runit*Cunit*N 2 /2 Wire delay = 0.5 * Rwire*Cwire Half the delay of lumped RC product Quadratic in length of wire Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 39

40. Wire Delay Wire N units long: =Runit*Cunit*N 2 /2 With –Runit=1000  –Cunit=1pF Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 40

41. RC Ladder Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 41 Runit=1000  Cunit=1pF

42. Animation http://www.research.ibm.com/people/r/r estle/Animations/DAC01top.html Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 42

43. Apply to Pass Transistor (and CMOS) Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 43

44. Pass TR xor Delay when B=1? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 44

45. Pass transistor xor Delay when B=0? –Start with equivalent RC circuit Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 45

46. Unbuffered Circuit  Delay? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 46

47. Unbuffered Circuit  Delay? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 47

48. Unbuffered Delay as a function of number of stages? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 48

49. CMOS xor Delay with Cdiff>0? Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 49

50. Idea Lumped wiring calculation is pessimistic –Not all capacitance at end of wire Elmore delay calculation allows us to estimate Wires are distributed RC –Half delay lumped calculation –Still quadratic in length Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 50

51. Admin Project –Should have feedback from milestone on canvas –Due Thursday Andre office hour start 4:30pm this Tue. 2 nd midterm next Monday (11/3) Penn ESE370 Fall2014 -- DeHon 51