1. Field-scale simulations of CO 2 injection in saline aquifer in north Taiwan Presenter:Adviser: Date:2010/12/31 Date:2010/12/31

2. ContentContent Introduction 1 Current Geological Storage Projects 2 Conclusions 5 TOUGH2 Mesh Generation 3 Results and discussion 4

3. Introduction 1

4. Current Geological Storage Projects Country: Norway(1996) Injection rate: 3000 t/ day Total storage: 11 million ton of CO2 (2008) Storage type: Aquifer Lithology: Utsira sandstone (Porosity=35~40%) (Permeability =10 Darcy) Caprock seal (Permeability =0.0001 mDarcy) 1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10 -15 m 2

5. Current Geological Storage Projects Porosity(%) Permeability(mD) 45 40 25 15 17 30 10000 0.0001

6. Country: Canada (May 2000) Injection rate: 3-5000 t/ day Total storage: 20 million ton of CO2 Storage type: Packstones and Grainstones Current Geological Storage Projects

7. Lithology: Packstones and Grainstones (Porosity=10~20%) (Permeability =1~500m Darcy) Caprock seal (Permeability =0.1~20 mDarcy) 1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10 -15 m 2 Current Geological Storage Projects

8. Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects Country: Japan (2002) Injection rate: 40 t/ day Total storage: 10,405 ton of CO2 (2005) Storage type: Haizume sandstone

9. Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects Lithology: Haizume sandstone (Porosity=20%) (Permeability =200m Darcy) 1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10 -15 m 2 after 1,000 years

10. Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects Country: USA (2004) Injection rate: 160 t/ day Total storage: 1600 ton of CO2 (9 days) Storage type: Frio sandstone Lithology: Frio sandstone (Porosity=30%) (Permeability =2.5 mDarcy)

11. TOUGH2 Mesh Generation3 Step 1 Define Points Step 2 Define Lines Step 3 Define Domains Step 4 Mesh Lines Step 5 Mesh Domains AUTOMESH-2D （ Zhao and Ma, 2003 ）

12. ● STEP 1 Geological profile in saline aquifer in north Taiwan Yang, 2010

13. ● STEP 2 Digitize geologic profile of generate mesh( nodes and elements ) by using AUTOMESH-2D （ Zhao and Ma,2003 ）

14. ● STEP 3 Calculate TOUGH2 mesh data Step 3-1 Read Automesh-2D data Step 3-1 Read Automesh-2D data Step 3-2. Calculate the center of gravity of the element for TOUGH2 Step 3-3. Calculate the information of the element 263 280 279 262 1 1. Calculate area1 and area2 2. Calculate the center of gravity(G1 and G2) of area1 and area2 G1(x1,y2), G2(x2,y2) 3. Calculate the center of gravity of the quadrangle. GH(x1+(x1- x2)*area2/(area1+area2), y1+(y1- 2)*area2/(area1+area2), ) AREA2 AREA1 G1 G2 GH Volume D1 D2 Beta β

15. Yang, 2010 Lin, 2009 Chung, 1996

17. ● The simulation results for CO 2 Results and discussion 4

18. ● The simulation results near inject wells Results and discussion 4

19. ● The simulation results for CO 2 Results and discussion 4

20. ● The simulation results near inject wells Results and discussion 4

21. Conclusions 5 1 Simulation results show that the distances of the CO 2 plumes may move 1.4, 3.0 and 4.2 km for Nanchuang formations from the injection point after 100, 300 and 500 years.

22. Conclusions 5 2 The results show that the CO 2 plumes will migrate 100m to Kueichulin and Nankang formations from the injection point after 300 years. The the plumes will migrate 420m and 130m to Kueichulin and Nankang formations after 500 years.

23. Thank You! Questions ???