1. MD BEHERA Assistant Professor Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur - 721302, W.B., INDIA (mdbehera@coral.iitkgp.ernet.in)mdbehera@coral.iitkgp.ernet.in With Inputs from PS Roy and MSR Murthy National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 18 th June`09; 4 th Vegetation Workshop, Missoula INDIAN LAND MONITORING SATELLITE SYSTEMS www.isro.gov.in Current Science, 25 Dec 2007

2. HUMAN RESOURCES EXPERTISE 16500 strong INFRASTRUCTURE End- to- end capability SPACE ASSETS STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LEADERSHIP Remote sensing & Telecom satellite Constellations INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION LARGE USER BASE SPACE COMMERCE LAUNCHER IRS INSAT “ w e must be second to none in the applications of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society ” VIKRAM A. SARABHAI INDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR

3. ISRO`s Space Missions

4. November 21, 1963 SLV-3ASLV TODAY, 2009 PSLVGSLV ARYABHATA 19.04.75 GSAT-2 08.05.03 KALPANA-1 12.09.02 INSAT-2E 03.04.99 INSAT-3B 22.03.00 INSAT-3A 10.04.03 IRS-1C 28.12.95 IRS-P3 21.03.96 IRS-1D 29.09.97 IRS-P6 17.10.03 INSAT-3E 28.09.03 TES 22.10.01 INSAT-3C 24.01.02 IRS-P4 26.05.99 Applications driven programme Self reliance in building & launching satellites ONE AMONG THE SIX NATIONS 50 Missions 8 3 FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME LAUNCH VEHICLE SATELLITE APPLICATIONS EDUSAT 20.09.04

5. Basics in various Disciplines; Structures, Aerodynamics, Avionics, Propellants etc.. CLG, Onboard RTD, Strap-on Technology Vertical Integration Bulbous Heat Shield Liquid Propulsion Maraging Steel Large Booster & Upper Stage Flex Nozzle & Gimbal Control Multiple Satellite Mission Cryogenic Technology, GTO Mission Inertial system Orbital mission 1960-1970s 1980s 1990s Beyond 2000 Solid propulsion Open loop guidance Heavy Cryogenics Large Boosters LAUNCH VEHICLE EVOLUTION Two Launch Pads

6. SATELLITE EVOLUTION BHASKARA APPLE INSAT – 1 series INSAT – 3 series Remote Sensing Satellites Communication Satellites 1979 1981 IRS – 1C / 1D Multipurpose S/C platform Improved S/C Power Increased number of transponders High resolution imaging Multiple payloads C Band S, C, Ku Band Ka Band INSAT – 2 series 1 Transponder 36 Transponders 3000 Watts 35 Watts Resourcesat - 1 RISAT 1700 Watts MeghaTropiques Cartosat – 1/2 50 Satellites

7. . Biodiversity Assessment

8. EduSat 5 Spot Beams in Ku Band 1 National Beam in Ku Band 1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels) Teaching-End Class Room-2 Class Room-1 Video + Audio Video + Audio TELE EDUCATION

9. Panel of Doctors Video Conferencing Health Specialist Centre Pathology Cardiology Video Conferencing Referral Hospitals 70 Hospitals 53 Dist/ Rural Hospitals 53 Dist/ Rural Hospitals 17 Super Specialty Hospitals 17 Super Specialty Hospitals TELEMEDICINE

10. Trans Lunar Injection Mid Course Correction GTO ETO Lunar Transfer Trajectory Initial Orbit ~ 1000 km Lunar Insertion Manoeuvre Final Orbit 100 km Polar Moon at Launch To achieve 100 x 100 km Lunar Polar Orbit. PSLV to inject 1050 kg in GTO of 240 x 36000 km. Lunar Orbital mass of 523 kg with 2 year life time. Scientific payload 55 kg. Expanding the scientific knowledge about the moon, upgrading India’s technological capability and providing challenging opportunities for planetary research for the younger generation CHANDRAYAAN-1

11. AGRICULTURE & SOIL Crop Acreage & Production Estimation Soil & Land Degradation Mapping Watershed Development Horticulture Mission for North-East WATER Potential Drinking Water Zones Command Area Management Reservoir Sedimentation FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Fire and Risk Mapping Biodiversity Characterisation Environmental Impact Studies DISASTER SUPPORT Flood Damage Assessment Drought Monitoring Land Slide Hazard Zonation OCEAN Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) Coastal Zone Mapping LAND Landuse/Land Cover Mapping Wasteland Mapping Urban Sprawl Studies Large Scale Mapping WEATHER & CLIMATE Extended Range Monsoon Forecasting Ocean State Forecasting Regional Climate Model EARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONS

12. IMS (2008) MX, HySI like L3; 64-bands 0.4-.95 37; 506 151; 130 -- -- Sensor Characteristics

13. NRSC Archives – Data Availability IRS1A/1B/P3/P4 data older than ‘5’ years -‘4’ Coverage's per year archived

14. Data Archival Status-Global Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2003 onwards

15. Data Archival Status-Global

16. Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2005 onwards Data Archival Status-Global

17. Total acquisitions : 16,45,515 sq km Cloud free acquisitions : 03,11,283 sq km Data Archival Status-Global

18. OCEANSAT-II SCAT, OCM MEGHA-TROPIQUES SAPHIR, SCARAB & MADRAS RISAT-I C-band SAR, 5.3GHz, HH, VV, HV; 3-50 m Multi mode METSAT-1 VHRR – 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV) Future Satellites RESOURCESAT – II AWiFS LISS-III LISS – IV

19. SPECIFICATIONSAWFISLISS-IIILISS-IV No. of Bands441 (mono), 3 (MX) Spectral BandsB2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B3-default band for mono Resolution 56m23.5m5.8m Swath740km140km70kmx70km/ 23kmx23km Revisit5 days24 days5 days Data Rate105 Mbs per stream BDH word length7 bits Qunatisation/Transmission12-bit/10-bit with MLG 10-bit/7-bit with DPCM Gains100% Albedo No Gain setting 100% Albedo No Gain setting 100% Albedo No Gain setting Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications

20. Future Requirements

21. Forest Cover Temperate Conifer Forest Temperate Broad Leaved Forest Temperate Mixed Forest Tropical Evergreen Forest Tropical Semi evergreen Forest Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Tropical Thorn Forest Sub Tropical Forest Conifer Forest Sub Alpine Forest Mangrove Forest Degraded Forest Abandoned Jhum Land Cover Alpine Meadows Grasslands Scrub/Shrub Current Jhum Coral Reefs Plantations Orchards Valley Agriculture Irrigated/ Rainfed Agriculture Fallow Land Barren Land Sand Dunes Mud Flats Swamps Wet Pans Dry Pans Water Body Settlement Other Classes Snow Cloud Shadow VEGETATION TYPE MAP OF INDIA ThanQ

22. SPECIFICATIONSAWFISLISS-IIILISS-IV No. of Bands441 (mono), 3 (MX) Spectral BandsB2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B2 0.52 – 0.59µ B3 0.62 – 0.68µ B4 0.77 – 0.86µ B5 1.55 – 1.70µ B3-default band for mono Resolution 56m23.5m5.8m Swath740km140km70kmx70km/ 23kmx23km Revisit5 days24 days5 days Data Rate105 Mbs per stream BDH word length7 bits Qunatisation/Transmission12-bit/10-bit with MLG 10-bit/7-bit with DPCM Gains100% Albedo No Gain setting 100% Albedo No Gain setting 100% Albedo No Gain setting Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications