SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE COMMON CORE Unit 108 Weapons Fundamentals

SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE COMMON CORE Unit 108 Weapons Fundamentals
NAVEDTRA C SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE COMMON CORE _______________________________________________________________ Unit 108 Weapons Fundamentals

Weapons Fundamental Reference
(a) NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1 (b) NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunner’s Mate (c) Seabee Battle Skills Guide, Vol 1 (d) NTRP (e) Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 1, All Hands 2005 (f) TM-SW215-BC-MMO-010, Operator’s and Maintenance Manual for AN/PVS-12A, Night Vision, Crew Served Weps (g) FM , M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle Marksmanship (h) TM-SW215-B4-MMO-010, Operator’s and Maintenance Manual for AN/PVS-12A, Night Vision, Individual Weapon (i) Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 4, Crew/Team Skills 2005 Edition (j) TM , Operators Manual Machine Gun, 40mm, MK19, MOD3 (k) TM , Operators Manual Machine Gun, Cal. 50, Browning M2, Heavy Barrel Ch. 1, sec II pg 1-5 (l) FM (m) MCWP Machine Guns and Machine Gunnery ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 RULES OF WEAPONS SAFETY
PQS Question State the four rules of weapons safety. Reference: (c, Ch 1) Seabee Battle Skills Guide, Vol. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 RULES OF WEAPONS SAFETY
Rule 1 – Treat every weapon as if it were loaded. Rule 2 – Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot. Rule 3 – keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Rule 4 – Keep weapon on SAFE until you intend to fire. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WEAPON CONDITIONS PQS Question 108.2 State the four weapon conditions
Reference: (c, Ch 1) Seabee Battle Skills Guide, Vol. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WEAPON CONDITIONS Condition one
Magazine is inserted, a round must be chambered, and the safety is on. Condition two Magazine is inserted, a round is chambered, the weapons action is closed, and the hammer is forward. This condition applies to weapons with external hammers except for the M9 service pistol. Condition three Magazine is inserted, chamber is empty, the action is closed and safety is on. Condition four All ammo is removed, chamber is empty, the action is closed and the safety is on. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NCF Weapons System PQS Question What weapons systems are in the NCF? Reference: [ref: l, ch. 3, ref: b, ch. 3] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NCF Weapons System M9 M16 M240B 50 Cal MK 19 AT4 M-203 M-500 Shotgun
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Define the following terms
PQS Question Define the following terms associated with the M16A3 and the M9. Reference: (a, ch. 3) NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Malfunction & Misfire Malfunction
The failure of a weapon to function satisfactorily, usually because of excess friction caused by dirt, improper lubrication or carbon buildup. Immediate action- you must stop and clean the weapon to correct this problem Misfire A complete failure to fire, NOT a delay in firing that may be caused by a faulty firing mechanism or a faulty element in the propelling charge explosive train. Immediate action Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated. Pull the charging handle to the rear. If round is ejected, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if it is clear, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to reload/ re-chamber. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Stoppage Stoppage Any interruption in the cycle of functioning caused by faulty action of the weapon or ammunition. Immediate action Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round. Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated. Pull the charging handle to the rear. If round is ejected, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If round is not ejected, check for round in the chamber, if it is clear, released handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire. If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to reload/re-chamber. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Firing Cycle PQS Question State the eight operation in a firing cycle. Reference: [b, ch. 3] NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunner’s Mate ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Firing Cycle Feeding: the feeding action places a round in the receiver just to the rear of the chamber. Chambering: takes place as the moving bolt strips the round and forces it into the chamber. Locking: holds the bolt in the forward position for a short period of time to prevent the loss of gas pressure. Firing: the firing pin actually strikes the primer of the cartridge Unlocking: after the round is fired, the bolt unlocks and moves rearward. Extracting: the process of pulling the empty case back out of the chamber. As the bolt moves rearward extraction occurs. Ejecting: as the casing is extracted, ejection occurs as it is thrown out of the weapon. Cocking: the retraction of the firing mechanism against spring pressure so that there will be sufficient energy to fire the next cartridge. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Semi/Auto operations PQS Question Explain the differences between semi-automatic and automatic operations Reference: [a, ch. 3] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Differences SEMI/AUTO
A semiautomatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. The trigger must be pulled each time to fire a round. An automatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. An automatic weapon will fire as long as the trigger is pulled and rounds are available to fire. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Terminology PQS Question 108.7 Define the following terms [ref a]
Trajectory [ch. 3] Breech [app. L] Bore [ch. 3] Chamber [app l] Muzzle [app l] Muzzle Velocity [app l] Maximum Range [ref b, ch. 3] Maximum Effective Range [ref b, ch. 3] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Terminology Trajectory: The flight path the bullet takes from the weapon to the target. Breech: The rear end of the barrel. Bore: The actual hole in the barrel. It may be rifled or not. Chamber: The enlarged part of the bore at the breech that holds the cartridge. Muzzle: The front or forward end of the barrel. Muzzle velocity: The speed at which the bullet travels when it leaves the muzzle. Maximum range: The greatest distance a round will travel Maximum effective range: The greatest distance at which a weapon may be expected to fire accurately to inflict damage or casualty. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ammunition Color Codes
PQS Question Discuss small arms ammunition color codes and state the purpose of each: Orange or red [ref a, ch. 3] Violet [ref a, ch. 3] Black [ref a, ch. 13] Aluminum [ref a, ch. 13] Green [ref a, ch. 3] Reference: NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ammo Color Codes Orange or red: Tracer rounds Violet: Blank rounds
Black: Armor piercing Aluminum: Armor piercing, incendiary. Green: Standard ball ammunition ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Maximum Ranges PQS Question State the maximum range, maximum effective range, employment, rates of fire, and types of ammunition of the following weapons: [ref i] M9 Service Pistol M1-16A3 rifle Reference: (i) Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 4 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describe the 9mm 9mm pistol semi-automatic Magazine fed
Recoil operated Double action or single action firing pistol Current issue sidearm Capabilities/Characteristics Length: 8.54in Weight: 2.12lbs Weight fully loaded (15rnd mag): 2.54lbs Magazine capacity: 15 rounds Muzzle velocity: 1230/fps Max effective range: 50m Ammunition: fires 9mm Ball ammunition Safety Features The M9 pistol has only ONE safety. It has THREE SAFETY FEATURES. Ambidextrous safety: Allows for safe operation of the pistol by right and left handed users. Lowers the hammer safely without causing an accidental discharge Firing Pin Block: Prevents any motion of the firing pin and is only overcome by pulling the trigger Half Cock Notch: Prevents accidental discharge. If the cocked hammer should fall forward due to a mechanical failure, this would catch on the sear before the hammer would strike the firing pin. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describe the M-16A3 M-16 rifle Lightweight Gas operated Air cooled Magazine fed Shoulder fired Semi-automatic or fully automatic Modes of fire Semiautomatic Fire Mode: When a single shot is fired the trigger must be pulled each time. Automatic Fire mode: Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back Selector Level Safe Position: Rifle will not fire Semi position: The trigger must be pulled each shot Auto: Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back Capabilities/Characteristics Length w/flash suppressor: 39in Length of barrel w/flash suppressor: 21in Weight: 7.8lbs Weight fully loaded (30 round ma): 8.79lbs Magazine capacity: 20/30 rounds Muzzle velocity: 3100/fps Max range: 3534m Max effective range: Point Target 550 and Area Target 800m Rates of Fire Sustained: 12 to 15 rounds per minute Rapid: 150 to 200 rounds per minute Cyclic: 700 to 800 rounds per minute Ammunition 5.56 Ball: Standard round 5.56 Tracer: Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects 5.56 Blank: Training round 5.56 Dummy: Totally inert training ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Loading/Unloading PQS Question Discuss loading/unloading procedures for the following weapons: M9 Service Pistol [ref b, ch. 3] M-16A3 rifle [ref a, ch. 3] Reference: (a) NAVEDTRA (b) NAVEDTRA 14324 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Proper Loading/Unloading
9mm pistol./ M-16 rifle Keep safety in “safe” position until ready to fire. Keep muzzle down range and clear of all troops Before loading, make sure bore, chamber, and ammunition are clean and dry. Hold the pistol at the raised pistol position, or place the rifle butt against the thigh Then, remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch or release button. To make absolutely certain the chamber is empty, pull back the slide or bolt and inspect the chamber and verify visually. If it is dark, feel to check. Opening the slide or bolt will eject any round that may have been in the chamber. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TYPES OF GRENADES PQS Question Describe and discuss the six types of grenades: [ref. a, ch. 12]. Reference: (a, Ch 12) NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grenades Fragmentation
Grenades designed to inflict personnel casualties and damage to light equipment by projecting high velocity fragments from the detonated grenade case The effective casualty-producing radius is about 15 meters Illumination Used to illuminate terrain in night time operations Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN! Grenades used mainly to light up the terrain. The MK 1 is the only illuminating grenade currently available. It provides about 55,000 candlepower for a period of 25 seconds. Chemical Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training, and riot control purposes Grenades that are chemical filled munitions designed to be thrown by the individual or projected from the service rifle using a special adapter. ABC-M25A2, riot control hand grenade is the most commonly used. Filled with a type of tear gas chemical that causes irritation and watering eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grenades Incendiary AN-M14 incendiary Thermite grenade is used to ignite combustible materials and to destroy all types of equipment. This TH grenade is cylindrical in shape and weights 32 ounces. Contains filler of 26.5 ounces of Thermite mixture It uses an igniting delay fuse that sets fire to the Thermite The Thermite burns at a temperature of about 4,300 deg F Smoke Grenades that are cylindrical in shape and weigh about 27 ounces. They can be thrown about 40 yards with an effective casualty radius of nearly 30 yards Practice/training Used to train personnel in the care, handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual service grenades. These grenades are used for training personnel in the care, handling, and use of hand grenades before using service grenades. Practice grenades simulate the functioning of service grenades to provide realism in training. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hand Grenade Safety Procedures
PQS Question Discuss hand grenade safety procedures. [ref. a, ch. 12] Reference: (a, Ch 12) NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hand Grenade Safety Procedures
All personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear proper protection Never attempt to defuse hand grenades Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CLAYMORE PQS Question Discuss the placement, arming, safety requirements, coverage, and methods of firing the Claymore mine. [ref. a, ch. 12] Reference: (a, ch. 12) NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1

Claymore Mines Placement
This mine should be positioned so as to afford all friendly personnel, within 100 meters to the rear and sides of the mine, the opportunity to take adequate cover. Arming After the M18A1 mine is positioned and properly aimed, it is armed by first opening the blasting cap assembly and unrolling the wire from either the firing position or the mine. The wire is secured by wrapping a few turns of wire around a leg of the mine and burying it, if possible. Safety requirements Before attaching the firing device directly, the circuit should be checked for continuity with the test set provided to ensure that the mine will function at the desired time The firing device has a safety bail with two positions In the upper (safe) position, it acts as a block between the firing handle and the generator. In the lower (fire) position, it allows the generator to be activated. The instructions provided with the M7 bandoleer should be carefully followed by anyone using these mines.

Claymore Mines Range/Coverage
When detonated, the M18A1 mine will project steel spheres over a 60 degree fan shaped pattern approximately 6 feet high and 50 meters wide to an optimum effective range of 50 meters These steel fragments re moderately effective up to a range of approximately 100 meters and can travel up to 250 meters Method of firing M18A1 mine can be in either an uncontrolled or a controlled role. An uncontrolled mine is essentially a booby-trap. This use by Seabees is not authorized. In a controlled role, the operator detonates the mine as the enemy approaches within the killing zone By using either an electrical or a non-electrical firing system, the operator can control detonation. In almost all cases, mines employed by Seabees will be fired electrically with the M57 firing device.

M240B PQS Question Explain the characteristics of the machine gun [ref l, ch. 3] Reference: FM

M240B Air-cooled, Belt-fed, Gas-operated, Fully Automatic weapon, Fires from open bolt Position and is Crew served Length inches Weight pounds Maximum range ,725 meters

Loading/Unloading PQS Question Discuss loading/unloading procedures [ref l, ch. 3] Reference: FM

Loading/Unloading The M240B machine gun is loaded from the closed bolt position. The M240B is fired, unloaded, and cleared from the open bolt position. The safety must be placed on “F” before the bolt can be pulled to the rear. Before belted ammunition can be used, it must be linked with the double link at the open end of the bandoleer. It must be free of dirt and corrosion. Loading – Two methods, raised cover and closed cover Raised cover method – preferred method Gunner ensure the bolt is to the rear and the safety lever is on safe (S) Gunner raises the cover Team leader places the first round of the bandoleer and places it over the feed aperture Gunner then closes the cover and places the safety lever on fire (F) Weapon is now loaded and ready to fire Closed cover method – alternate method Gunner ensures bolt is forward safety lever is on fire (F) and the cover remains closed Team leader takes a bandoleer of ammunition and inserts the first round into the feedtray The weapon is now loaded Gunner pull bolt to the rear and slides cocking handle forward – The weapon is now ready to fire

Loading/Unloading Unloading
Gunner ensures bolt is to the rear and the safety is on safe (S) Gunner raises the cover Team leader removes the ammunition and links from the feedtray Gunner then raises the feedtray and visually inspects the receiver and chamber to ensure no rounds remain Once the feedtray, receiver and chamber have been cleared of all ammunition and links the weapon is considered to be unloaded

Capabilities/Nomenclature
PQS Question State the following capabilities/nomenclature Proper employment [ref l, ch. 3] FPL/PDF [ref l, ch. 5] Maximum effective range [ref l, ch. 3] Safeties M240B [ref l, ch. 3] Ammunition types [ref l, ch. 3] Rates of fire [ref l, ch. 3] Types of mounts [ref l, ch. 3]

Capabilites/Nomenclature
Proper employment Analyze the operation order using METT-T SALUTE DRAW-D and KOCOA Consider the characteristics of the machine guns to be employed Consider employment of the machine guns in defense Consider employment of machine guns in the offense Direct the employment of the machine guns Final Protective Line (FPL)/Principal Direction of Fire (PDF) Assignment of a Final Protective Line (FPL) Position machine guns to the flanks to provide fire across the unit's front. Ensure the position provides interlocking grazing fires within an assigned sector Ensure that FPL dead space can be covered by alternate weapons (munitions, M203 grenade launchers, mortars, claymore mines) Assignment of a Principal Direction of Fire (PDF) Ensure the position covers likely avenues of approach and obstacles Maximum effective range: 1,100 meters with tripod and T&E

Nomenclature Area Tripod ,100 meters Bipod meters Point Tripod meters Bipod meters Suppression ,800 meters Safeties The safety mechanism is located on the pistol grip just behind the trigger well. When the safety is pushed to the right, the letter “S” is visible indicating the weapon is on safe. When pushed to the left, the letter “F” is visible on the safety indicating the weapon is on fire. The safety can only be engaged when the bolt is in the rear position. On the “S” position, the bolt cannot be released to go forward. Ammunition types 7.62 mm ball 7.62 mm tracer 7.62 mm armor-piercing (not authorized for training) 7.62 mm blank 7.62 mm dummy

Rates of Fire Rates of fire
Sustained rounds per minute fired in 6- to 9-round bursts and 4 to 5 seconds between bursts (barrel change every 10 minutes) Rapid rounds per minute fired in 10- to 13-round bursts and 2 to 3 seconds between bursts (barrel change every 2 minutes) Cyclic ………………………….650 to 950 rounds per minute in continuous bursts (barrel change every minute)

Types of Mounts Types of mounts
M122A1 Tripod: provides a stable mount for the M240B, and it permits a higher degree of accuracy and control. The tripod is recommended for marksmanship training and defensive employment. The M122A1 tripod consists of the tripod and flex-mount with T&E mechanism. Weight of M122A1 tripod with/flex-mount is 20 pounds. Bipod Assembly: used to fire from the prone position. The butt stock in conjunction with the gunner’s non-firing hand provides support for the weapon when firing in the bipod mode. The gas cylinder holds the bipod in place.

Members of a Gun Team PQS Question Name the members of a gun team and state what they are responsible for carrying into a combat situation Reference: [ref a. p. 1-17] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1

Gun Team Team leader Usually a PO2, responsible for effective employment of the gun Responsible for changing the barrels during firing Carries spare barrel kit, M122 tripod, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol Gunner Usually a PO3. Actually fires and maintains the gun Carries the gun, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol Ammo 1 Usually a CN, acts as the supply person for the team Caries one box of ammo, spare barrel case with T&E. Armed with an M16 Ammo 2 Usually a CA Carries two boxes of ammo. Armed with an M16

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the characteristics of 40mm Machine Gun Reference: [j] TM

40 mm Machine Gun

40 mm Machine Gun Air-cooled Belt-fed Blow back operated
Automatic weapon Fires from open bolt position Crew served

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Discuss loading/unloading procedures for the 40mm Machine Gun Reference: [j] TM

40mm Machine Gun Loading Keep the weapon down range
Make sure the bolt is forward. If not take the weapon off safe and ease the charging handles forward. Open the cover Insert the first round through the feed throat

40mm Machine Gun Loading Insert the first round through the feed throat Place the first round into the feeder. Female link first. Push the round across the first pawl Move the slide assembly to the left

40mm Machine Gun Loading Close the cover
Unlock and grasp the charging handles and charge weapon

40mm Machine Gun Un-Loading
Place weapon on safe Open cover Remove remaining rounds and inspect chamber Once clear, close cover

40mm Machine Gun Un-Loading
Place weapon on fire and use charging handles to “ride” bolt forward or press trigger sending the bolt forward.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question State the following capabilities/nomenclature of the 40mm Machine Gun. * Proper employment [ref m, ch. 6, sec l] * FPL/PDF [ref m, ch. 6, sec l] * Arming Range [ref j] * Maximum effective range – area [ref j] * Maximum effective range – point [ref j] * Rate of fire [ref j] * Safety [ref j] * Ammunition Types [ref j]

Weapons Fundamentals Proper employment
Conduct a leader's reconnaissance of the assigned area. Consider placing firing positions in areas where the mission can be accomplished. Look for mounted firing positions. Choose dismounted firing positions when the terrain prevents vehicles from moving into position or if the vehicle cannot be concealed. Identify firing positions. Move vehicle into position Ensure that the machine guns are properly laid. Ensure that the firing positions are properly prepared and occupied Ensure that range cards are prepared for each position.

FPL/PDF FPL/PDF NOTE: The MK19 heavy machine gun does not fire an FPL.
Assign a Principal Direction of Fire (PDF) Assign a PDF only when the terrain does not allow for effective FPL fires. Ensure the PDF covers the most likely avenues of approach. NOTES: The PDF may fall within the sector of fire or comprise one of its boundaries. Location of machine guns must be changed daily/nightly or whenever needed.

40mm Machine Gun Arming range M383 HE round: 18 to 36 meters
M918 TP round: 18 to 30 meters Maximum effective range (area target) – 2212 meters (point target) – 1500 meters Rate of fire – 325 to 375 rounds per minute Safety Thumb switch with “Safe” and “Fire” positions Ammunition types M383 HE: High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. Arming distance of 18 to 36 meters. 15 meter casualty radius M430 HEDP: High explosive, dual purpose M385E4 / M385A1: Training Practice with propellant. Maximum range 2200 meters

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the characteristics of the .50 caliber M2 machine gun Reference: [k, ch. 1, sec ll, p. 1-5] TM

M2 Machine Gun

M2 Machine Gun The .50-caliber machine gun is a belt-fed, crew-served, recoil-operated, air-cooled weapon. It can be set for automatic and semiautomatic fire. The weapon does not have any safeties.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Discuss loading/unloading procedures for the M2 Machine Gun Reference: Reference: [k, ch. 1, sec ll, p. 1-5] TM

M2 Machine Gun Loading Automatic mode Make sure gun is clear
Close the bolt Close feed cover Lock down the bolt latch release Insert the ammo

M2 Machine Gun Loading Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”)
Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)

M2 Machine Gun Loading Single shot mode Make sure gun is clear
Close the bolt Close feed cover Rotate bolt latch release lock in the up position to the right

M2 Machine Gun Loading Insert the ammo
Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”) Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”) To fire another round you must push the bolt release allowing the bolt to go home

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading
Place the gun in single shot mode Pull slide handle to the rear and lock bolt rearward Open the feed cover

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading
Clear all remaining links or rounds Inspect chamber insuring it is clear Press the bolt latch release and ride the bolt forward Close the feed cover and pull the bolt to the rear

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question State the following capabilities/nomenclatures * Proper employment [ref m, ch. 6, sec l] * FPL/PDF [ref m, ch. 6, sec l] * Arming Range [ref m, ch. 6, sec l] * Maximum effective range – area [ref k, ch 1, sec ll, p. 1-9] * Maximum effective range – point [ref k, ch 1, sec ll, p. 1-9] * Direction of feed [ref k, ch 1, sec ll, p. 1-9] * Rates of fire [ref k, ch 1, sec ll, p. 1-9]

Weapons Fundamentals Proper employment
Conduct a leader's reconnaissance of the assigned area. Consider placing firing positions in areas where the mission can be accomplished. Look for mounted firing positions. Choose dismounted firing positions when the terrain prevents vehicles from moving into position or if the vehicle cannot be concealed. Identify firing positions. Move vehicle into positions. Ensure that the machine guns are properly laid. Ensure that the firing positions are properly prepared and occupied. If you must use a hide position, perform the following steps. Ensure that range cards are prepared for each position.

M2 Machine Gun FPL/PDF FPF
Ensure that the FPL achieves the maximum flanking fire. Ensure that the FPL obtains the maximum grazing fire. Grazing fire should parallel the expected long axis of the enemy assault waves. Ensure interlocking fires are used to cover any gaps in the FPL and to provide mutual support between adjacent units. Employ obstacles to slow down the enemy when reaching the FPL, if possible. PDF Assign a PDF only when the terrain does not allow for effective FPL fires. Ensure the PDF covers the most likely avenues of approach.

M2 Machine Gun Maximum range – 6800 meters (M2 Ball)
Maximum effective range – 1800 meters Direction of feed – Load so double end loop on ammo belt clicks into the feedway. Rates of fire Sustained: 40 rounds (or less) per minute Rapid: 40 rounds (or more) per minute Cyclic: 450 – 550 rounds per minute

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe setting headspace and timing on the .50 caliber machine gun Reference: [k, ch. 2, sec lll, p. 2-39] TM

M2 Machine Gun Headspace
Headspace - Distance between the bolt face and the base of a seated cartridge (rnd). Correct when: Recoiling groups are fully forward No independent rearward movement between the bolt, barrel and barrel extension

Must be checked and set before gun is fired, When barrel is replaced and When correct setting is in doubt

Headspace Gauge Tool used to check and set headspace Has “GO-NO GO” reading

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Adjustment
Insert the “GO” side of the gauge between the bolt and rear of the barrel (T-slot) The gauge should enter freely up to the center ring Remove the gauge and place the “NO-GO” side in the T-slot If the “NO-GO” side does not enter, the headspace is set correctly

Headspace Too Tight The “GO” side of the gauge cannot enter freely Pull back on the charging handle While holding it back, unscrew the barrel one notch (click) Ease the bolt forward Recheck the headspace with the gauge

Headspace Too Loose If it is too loose the “NO-GO” side of the gauge will enter freely To adjust it follow the same procedures as if it were to tight, but tighten the barrel

M2 Machine Gun Timing Timing - Ensures that firing takes place when the recoiling parts are between .020 and .116 inch out of the battery (fully forward).

M2 Machine Gun Timing recoiling parts are locked together
Correct when: recoiling parts are locked together Firing takes place just before the recoiling parts are in the battery The gun fires on the “FIRE” gauge And WILL NOT on the “NO-FIRE” gauge

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment
Checked with the “FIRE” (.020 in) and “NO-FIRE” (.116 in) gauges Must be checked and/or set each time headspace is adjusted and whenever timing is questionable

Timing Adjustment Steps Check headspace first Ensure gun is cocked and bolt forward Raise the extractor Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “FIRE” gauge

Timing Adjustment Steps Continued Place it between the extension and the trunnion block Allow the barrel extension to close on the gauge Depress the trigger, the firing pin should release

Retract the bolt far enough to remove the “FIRE” gauge, cocking the gun and allow the bolt to go forward Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “NO-FIRE” gauge, place it in the same position Depress the trigger, the firing pin should not release

Timing Late The firing pin will not release when the “FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following: Remove “FIRE” gauge

Remove backplate assembly Locate and turn the trigger bar adjusting nut one notch to the right Reinstall the backplate assembly Reinsert the “FIRE” gauge and test again

Timing Early The firing pin will release when the “NO-FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following: Perform the same steps as if it were late except turn the trigger bar adjusting nut on notch to the left

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the characteristics of the 40mm M203 grenade launcher Reference: [i] Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 4, Crew/Team Skills

40mm Grenade Launcher

40mm Grenade Launcher Light weight Single shot Breech loaded
Description Light weight Single shot Breech loaded Pump action Shoulder fired weapon Attaches to the M16 rifle

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question State the following capabilities/nomenclature * Proper Employment * Ammunition Type * Maximum effective range (area) * Maximum effective range (point) * Maximum range Reference: [a] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Capabilites/Nomenclature
Proper employment Place the weapon in condition 4 Ensure that the M203 grenade launcher is assembled and functioning for firing. Select the correct ammunition. Place the weapon in condition 4. Use proper firing techniques. Field zero the M203 grenade launcher. Estimate range to target. Respond to fire commands. Engage targets effectively.

Capabilities/Nomenclature
Ammunition type [ref. a, p. 13-4] HE round Designed to inflict personnel casualties. 5 meter casualty radius with a danger radius of 30 meters. Arms within 14 meters to 27 meters. HE air burst Lands on the deck and bounces up 2 meters to explode. Arms within 14 meter to 27 meters. HEDP High explosive, can penetrate 2” of steel. 5 meter casualty radius TP Training rounds with flash signature. Danger radius of 20 meters. Maximum range [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 400 Meters Maximum effective range (area target) [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 350 Meters (point target) [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 150 Meters

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the characteristics of the M gauge shotgun Reference: [h, p. R3-19] TM-SW215-B4-MMO-010

M Gauge Shotgun

12-Gauge Shotgun Operation
Manually operated Single shot Magazine feed (tubular) Pump action Shoulder fired weapon

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 12-gauge shotgun. Reference: [h, p. R3-20] TM-SW215-B4-MMO-010

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading
Single Load Ensure the weapon is on safe Press the action lock lever and slide barrel (fore-end) rearward

Insert round into the barrel chamber Slide the barrel closed Weapon is now loaded

Magazine Load Ensure the weapon is on safe Slide barrel (fore-end) forward Insert round into the magazine

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading Weapon is now loaded without round in chamber
Open and close barrel to chamber a round Unloading Open barrel to eject round to unload

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 12 gauge shotgun. Length Safeties Ammunition type Reference: [h, p. R3-20] TM-SW215-B4-MMO-010

12-Gauge Shotgun Length: 39 inches Safeties: Safety switch on top
Ammunition type: 12 ga, /4 in 00 buck, military round

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the use and purpose of the range card as it relates to each weapon system. Reference: [i, ch. 4] Construction Battale Skills Guide, Book 4

Range Cards Cards are the basis for the fire plan at the company level. Each crew served weapon will have one. All supporting fires, security sectors and defensive coordination are planned using the machine gun’s fire as the base from which to build.

Range Cards Two cards are prepared, one for the gun and the other goes to higher HQ. Cards should be passed on to relieving units. Patrols can use your card to locate FPL’s and identify dead space. Cards must be neat and prepared using a universal format.

Range Cards Gun Identification Block - Identifies what gun the card belongs to and the date it was drawn.

Range Cards Weapon Symbol - Single dot for the gun and a solid arrow extending out along the FPL or PDF.

Range Cards Magnetic Orientation Line and Location Grid Coordinates - A means for others to positively locate your gun position. The line is drawn from a prominent terrain feature that is located behind friendly lines. The grid coordinates are recorded next to the dot in the machine gun symbol.

Range Cards Sector Limits - Drawn as broken lines ending in arrow heads. If using an FPL only one sector limit will be drawn because one will be the same as the FPL.

Range Cards Grazing Fires - If an FPL is used, a heavy shaded area is drawn along the inside of the FPL. This will indicate the limits of grazing fire obtainable. Any dead space is shown by breaks in the shading. Record the near and far limits of the dead space in meters or record the range next to the ends of the shaded areas.

Range Card Symbols Terrain Features - Draw only those terrain features that significantly add to the clarity of the range card. If the feature is drawn, draw it to the correct perspective. Wooded area hill

Range Card Symbols Location of Friendly Troops or Equipment - Draw any friendly positions or equipment that is either in or near the sector limits of the machine gun. Water tower 1st Sqd

Range Card Symbols Targets - Draw targets to perspective and label them with a number. The number one target will be either the FPL or the left sector limit. If the FPL is on the right sector limit, number all other targets sequentially from right to left. All other times number from left to right.

Range Card Symbols One method is to record data directly on the sketch along the leading line to the target. The other method is to use the data block of the card.

Sample Range Card 2 AB1001 400m 300m 1st Sqd 3rd Sqd 2nd Sqd

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Discuss the integration of the weapons systems into an overall defensive fire plan. Reference: [i, ch. 4] Construction Battale Skills Guide, Book 4

Weapons Systems Integration
Automatic Rifleman M16 rifle, backbone of the defense of the squad. Positioned first by the squad leader. The remainder of the fire team is positioned around the AR. Rifleman M16 rifle, positioned so they can cover the entire fire team sector. The position must provide support and protection for the AR Grenadier M203 grenade launcher, positioned to cover dead space in the defense M240B Support the rifleman in the offense and defense. Provide heavy volumes of controlled fire. Provide FPF’s. Cover likely avenues of approach. Provide grazing fire.

Weapons Systems Integration
M2 .50 Cal Machine Gun Provide protection for motorized movement. Destroy lightly armored vehicles. Defend against low-flying hostile aircraft MK19 40mm Grenade Launcher Used to provide direct and indirect firing. Role is similar to the M60E3 and M2. AT-4 Used against armored personnel carriers. Can be used to disable a battle tank (mobility kill) if struck properly.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question Describe the use and purpose of the following Night Observation Devices. * AN/PVS-7C (night goggles) * AN/PVS-12A (M240B, M16, M14) * AN/PVS-20 (MK19, M2) Reference: [c] Seabee Battle Skills Guide, Vol. 1

AN/PVS-7C

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-7C (Night Goggles)
AN/PVS-7C - Hand held or head mounted night vision system that enables walking, driving, weapon firing, short range surveillance, map reading and vehicle maintenance in both moonlight and starlight. Range - min 9.8”

AN/PVS-12A AN/PVS-12A (M240B, M16, M60, M14)
The AN/PVS-12A, Night Vision Individual Weapon Sight System provides the infantry and support weapons with high performance observation, target acquisition and aiming capabilities during night operations. The Sight is capable of focusing on targets from 82 feet to infinity. The AN/PVS-12A is submersible, which permits the transportation of the AN/PVS-12A unprotected in two (2) atmospheres (66 feet) of seawater. The Sight is a high performance night vision system for nighttime target acquisition. The Sight uses a GEN III, 18 mm image intensifier tube configured in accordance with MIL-I Mounting hardware, which can easily be changed to other type mounts, are provided for attachment to the M16 and M14 Rifles.

AN/PVS-20 AN/PVS-20 (MK19, M2) The AN/PVS-20, Night Vision Individual Weapon Sight System provides the infantry and support weapons with high performance observation, target acquisition and aiming capabilities during night operations. The Sight is capable of focusing on targets from 82 feet to infinity. The AN/PVS-20 can be used on the M2 .5 Cal. Machine Gun, and Mk38 Mod 0 25mm Machine Gun System. Mounting brackets and reticule cells are available for each type of weapon. The Sight may also be used as a tripod mounted observation device.

Classes of Fire PQS Question Explain the various classes of fire: * Grazing * Plunging * Overhead * Fixed * Traversing * Searching * Combine searching and traversing * Swinging traverse * Free Reference: [e] Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 1

Classes of Fire Grazing
Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68” above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly sloping ground Plunging Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space. Overhead Fire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire overhead. Fixed For targets requiring only one aiming point. Continuous as long as target remains in the zone of fire Traversing Distributed in width by changing the horizontal direction of the gun. Firing a burst each time the gun changes direction Searching Distributed in depth by changing the elevation of the gun. Used against deep targets, firing a burst each time elevation changes

Classes of Fire Combined searching and traversing
Distributed in width & depth by changing the elevation direction of the gun. Swinging traverse Delivered against targets to wide to cover the traversing hand wheel. Also used on targets moving so rapidly across the gunner’s front they cannot maintain effective fire using the traversing hand wheel . Cannot be fired from bipod or vehicles. Free Delivered from the tripod mount against targets requiring rapid and major changes in direction and elevation. Can also be used from a vehicle mount when the target cannot be covered adequately by aiming points. Cannot be fired from bipod mount.

SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE COMMON CORE Unit 108 Weapons Fundamentals

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