1. Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin
Sterols- cholesterol

2. Triglycerides
Neutral fats- triesters of fatty acids and
glycerol
Fats- solid at room temperature
Olis- liquid at room temperature

3. Fatty acids
Stearic acid
Linoleic acid
Glycerol

4. Trigycerides
+ H2O
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Triglyceride + water

5. Saturated or unsaturated fats/oils?
Saturated- no double bonds
Unsaturated- one or more double bonds
Polyunsaturated- many double bonds
Cis- or trans-double bonds
Lauric acid
Oleic acid

6. Stearic acid, Mp 70 ºC
Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC
-6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

7. Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC
Linolenic acid, -3, Mp -11 ºC
-6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

8. Phosphoglycerides

9. Cell membrane

10. Steroids Cholesterol, sexual hormones
Carotenoids – fat-soluble vitamins

11. Stereoids
Oestradiol
Cholesterol
Testosterone

12. Lipid transport in the cells
Low-density lipoproteins LDL- good
High-density lipoproteins HDL- bad

13. Carotenoids Me = CH3 Vitamin A (retinol) red

14. Carotenoides, forts Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

15. Analysis of lipids Iodine or bromine number Addition of I2 or Br2
Unsaturated fatty acid
Brominated fatty acid

16. Roles of lipids in the body (+)
Energy storage
Insulation and protection of organs
Structural components of cell membranes
-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids reduce the risk of heart disease
poly-unsaturated fats may lower levels of LDL cholesterol

17. Roles of lipids in the body (-)
Increased risk of heart disease from elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and trans-fatty acids
The major source of LDL cholesterol is saturated fats (C12, C14 and C16 fatty acids)
Obesity