1. 1 So, what happens here? ABCDE 13475 22585 39577 43588 575 68599 79512 4 8=(A5+B4)*A7 9 =(B2+C1)*B4

2. 2 How to work it out Cell references will change when you copy a formula. What they end up as depends on where you paste the formula to! To work it out: –First consider horizontal movement (across) –Do column arithmetic E.g. if you move across (to the right) 2 cells from column A, A + 2 is C (think A  B  C) E.g. if you move across (to the left) 2 cells from column D, D - 2 is B (think D  C  B) –Then consider vertical movement (up or down) –Do row arithmetic E.g. if you move down 2 cells from row 3, 3 + 2 is 5 E.g. if you move up 2 cells from row 8, 8 - 2 is 6 + (Add) - (Subtract) + (Add) - (Subtract)

3. 3 Practise Copy formula in C2 to: a)D2______________ b)B2 ______________ c)C1______________ d)C4______________ e)D4______________ f)B1______________ =C3+F6 =A3+D6 =B2+E5 =B5 +E8 =C5 +F8 =A2 +D5

4. 4 Absolute addressing What we’ve just seen is called relative addressing At times we don’t want cell references to change $ signs function like pegs to hold row numbers or column letters in place and stop them being translated relative to their new positions when copied In the formula =$A1* 4 the column letter is fixed and the row number can change

5. 5 When is absolute addressing useful?

6. 6 Think you’ve got it? ABCDE 1=E5+D7 2 3=C4/A2 4 5=$A7+D5 6 7 8=D$1-$E2 = G5+F7 = C7/A5 = $A3+F1 =B$1-$E1 1 2 3 4

7. 7 Fill handles and AutoFill Fill Handle Drag fill handle in the direction you want to AutoFill Excel can make intelligent guesses at what you want to enter into cells and fill these cells for you E.g. a range of days or months, repeated entries, etc

8. 8 Custom AutoFill Lists (1) If you want Excel to be able to AutoFill customised data, you need to create a custom AutoFill list Office button  Excel Options  Popular, and then under Top options for working with Excel  Edit Custom Lists

9. 9 Custom AutoFill Lists (2) NEW LIST  type the entries in the List entries box  Add

10. 10 Using Custom AutoFill Lists On the worksheet, click a cell, and then type the item in the custom fill series that you want to use to start the list. Drag the fill handle across the cells that you want to fill

11. 11 Edit  Fill (1) The Fill option on the Editing group of the Home tab can be used to automatically fill more complex series of numbers, dates and so on.

12. 12 Edit  Fill (2) E.g., it is possible to fill a selected area with a series of weekday dates, leaving out weekends. This can be achieved as follows: –Enter a date into the first cell and then select the chosen area –Choose Fill  Series from the Editing group of the Home tab

13. 13 Edit  Fill (3) –You are filling a column so select Series in Columns, Type Date, Date Unit Weekday, Step Value 1 (i.e. fill every weekday rather than every 2nd or 3rd weekday). Click OK.

14. 14 Edit  Fill (4) Results look as follows Consulting a calendar shows the tool to be accurate

15. 15 More on Edit  Fill Fill Series offers a lot of flexibility- addition, multiplication, dates, using a selection or a Stop value

16. 16 Section 5 –Manipulating Data: Functions [f(x)] Function formulas are specialised formulas that perform calculations of varying complexity Save time and effort Can be used for a range of financial, accounting, and other functions Accessible from the Function Library group of the Formulas tab on the Ribbon

17. 17 Using functions Functions can be described and searched for, or selected from a drop-down list of categories

18. 18 AutoSum as a function A closer look at AutoSum reveals the function formula created when the AutoSum button was clicked Note that A1:A6 represents a cell range Equals signFunction NameArguments

19. 19 Naming Ranges Ranges can be named/labelled as follows: –Select the cell, range of cells, or nonadjacent selections that you want to name. –Click the Name box at the left end of the formula bar. Type the name for the cells. –Press ENTER. Formulas can use range names rather than ranges specified by using cell references. Here B4:B11 is the same as the name January. THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE COLUMN HEADING.

20. 20 Text Functions (1) =REPT(string, number_of_repetitions) =LEFT(string, number_of_characters) =RIGHT(string, number_of_characters) =MID(string, start position, number_of_characters)

21. 21 Text Functions (2) =LEN(string) =TRIM(string) =UPPER (string) =LOWER (string) =PROPER(string)

22. 22 Text Functions (3) =REPLACE(whole string, position of text to replace, number of chars to replace, new text) =SUBSTITUTE(whole string, text to replace, new text)