1. Michitoshi YOSHIDA Hiroshima University 2012/11/291Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

2.  Founded in 2004 April  Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory and the 1.5m optical – infrared telescope (Kanata)  Mission:  Observation of Targets of Opportunity (ToO) in collaboration with high-energy astronomical satellites (Fermi gamma-ray satellite, Suzaku X-ray satellite)  Reveal high-energy, dynamic activity in the universe  Main targets:  Gamma-ray bursts, Supernovae, Novae, Cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries, blazars, etc.

3. Diameter: 1.5m Ritchy – Cretien F/12 Foci: Cassegrain, 2 Nasmyths Originally constructed by Mitsubishi Electric Co. in 1996 for an instrumentation test bench of Subaru Telescope

4. Searching for EM counter part is crucial for understanding the nature of GW sources The most promising GW sources  NS-NS merger Metzger & Berger 2012 2012/11/294Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

5. NR Tanvir et al. (2013) Optical, NIR and X-ray light curves of GRB130603B. Kilonova models ejecta mass 10 -1 M  10 -2 M  2012/11/29

6. Figure 3 from Progenitor Models of the Electromagnetic Transient Associated with the Short Gamma Ray Burst 130603B Kenta Hotokezaka et al. 2013 ApJ 778 L16 doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/L16 Kilonova model (Hotokezaka et al. 2013) NS-NS merger NS-BH merger Consistent with the models M ej ～ 0.02 – 0.05 M  2012/11/296Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

7. 2012 - 2016 PI : Takashi Nakamura (Kyoto Univ.) CoPI: Nobuyuki Kanda (Osaka City Univ.) 2012/11/297Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

8. Overview of the project A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 2012/11/298Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

9.  Develop an optical-infrared-radio observation network for GW transient follow-up 1. Kiso 6x6 deg 2 Camera (optical imager) 2. OAO-WFC (wide-field infrared camera) 3. IFU for the spectrograph of 3.8m telescope 4. 50cm robotic telescope in Tibet (HinOTORI) 5. Establish a transient observation network by utilizing existing facilities: Mini-TAO, IRSF, Kanata, Yamaguchi 32m radio tel., etc. 2012/11/299 PI: M.Yoshida Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

10.  Michitoshi Yoshida (Hiroshima University)  Project chief, Development of a 60cm robotic telescope at Tibet  Koji Ohta (Kyoto University)  Development of an IFU for spectrograph of a new 3.8m telescope, and coordinated observation with Subaru  Kentaro Motohara (Tokyo University)  Development of a wide-field CMOS camera of the Kiso Schmidt telescope, and mini-TAO (in Chile) observation  Kenshi Yanagisawa (NAOJ)  Development of robotic observation system for the Okayama wide-field infrared telescope  Associate researchers  Mamoru Doi (Tokyo Univ.) → Kiso observatory, mini-TAO  Koji S. Kawabata (Hiroshima Univ.) → Kanata telescope  Takahiro Nagayama (Nagoya Univ.) → IRSF in South Africa  Kenta Fujisawa (Yamaguchi Univ.) → Yamaguchi radio telescope 2012/11/2910Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

11. World-wide obs.  long term monitor event evolution Kanata IRSF GW alert （ A04 ） theory (A05) X-γ obs. (A01) Neutrino obs. (A03) Kiso 6x6 deg 2 Camera OAO IR WFC Kyoto 3.8m Yamaguchi32m NRAO 45m Multi-wavelen.  detailed study identification emission mechanism Multi-mode obs.  detailed study redshift -> distance emission mechanism East Asia50cm Subaru miniTAO Wide field obs.  EM counterpart Rapid identification alert to other facilities alert Coop. Detection of EM counterpart of GW transient with wide-field observations Multi-mode observations  physics of EM counterpart The nature of GW transient

12. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Kiso 6x6 deg 2 camera OAOWFC Robotic obs. system 50cm robotic telescope IFU of Kyoto 3.8m telescope Software system Data analysis pipeline Transient object observation Tel. contl system 6x6 deg 2 camera development designdevelopmentcommissioning Development & preparationTest obs. Regular obs. installation GW transients follow-up commissioning Commissioning & operation Telescope designconstruction 3-color camera development complete operation Obs. with Kanata, Subaru, mini-TAO, IRSF, OAO-WFC, radio telescopes Shift to GW transients follow-up operation Construct the base of optical – radio follow-up observations of EM counterparts of GW transients until 2016 design commissioning 12

13. IRSF (Nagoya Univ.) @ South Africa 1m Kiso Schmidt telescope 5 deg 2 camera  30 deg 2 1.5m Kanata telescope 50cm MITSuME 91cm W-F NIR camera of NAOJ 1 deg 2 NIR camera Yamaguchi 32m radio telescope ★ ★ miniTAO (Tokyo Univ.) @ Chile 50cm telescope (Hiroshima Univ. 2014) Japan Coordinated network for transients observation Subaru @Hawaii ★ A part of the project “Multi-messenger Observations of GW sources” * collaborating with the KAGRA data analysis team * science cases: GRBs, supernovae, blazars, etc. 3.8m telescope (Kyoto Univ. 2015) Main features: 5 deg 2 opt. imaging w/ 1m 1 deg 2 NIR imaging w/ 1m opt-NIR spectroscopy w/ 1–8m opt-NIR polarimetry 2012/11/2913Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

14. 2012/11/2914Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

15. Results of simulation on estimation of an arrival direction of gravity wave. Hayama (NAOJ) 2012 ・ 105cm Kiso Schmidt telescope ・ F.O.V of 6deg x 6deg ・ Since Apr. 2012, the KWFC (Kiso Wide Field Camera) with a F.O.V of 2deg x 2deg has been operated. F.O.V 6deg x 6deg Project plans 1. Development of 6deg x 6deg extremely wide field camera 2. Speeding-up and stabilizing Kiso 105cm Schmidt telescope system 15

16. The world’s widest survey camera -The current widest field came is Pan-STARRS with a F.O.V. of 3deg x 3deg. CMOS sensors adopted -15-20 um/pixel, 20kx20k pixels camera (Data rate: ~800MB/frame) -Operation at -10 degrees of elevation -High-speed read-out (1-10 frames/sec) + Extremely wide field  New scientific fields, in addition to follow-up of gravity wave. -Key components CMOS sensor : Collaborate with a domestic company. Read-out system : Use read-out technologies developed for infrared CMOS detectors by U-Tokyo. Time line -FY2012 Evaluations of available CMOS sensors Feasibility studies on cryogenics, optics, and electronics -FY2013-5 Development of camera system with ~10 pcs. of available CMOS sensors. Development of CMOS sensors with new designs. -FY2016 Test observations 2012/11/2916Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

17. 2012/11/2917Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

18. 2. OAOWFC Okayama Astrophysical Observatory Wide Field Camera 2012/11/2918Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

19. OAOWFC Okayama Astrophysical Observatory Wide Field Camera  Wide Field NIR Camera  Optics:  Effective Diameter: φ 0.91 m  Forward Cassegrain + quasi Schmidt  F/2.5 (the fastest optics in the NIR)  F.O.V. ： 0.92 × 0.92 sq.deg. （ 1.62 arcsec/pix ）  F.O.V. ： 0.92 × 0.92 sq.deg. （ 1.62 arcsec/pix ）  HAWAII2-RG, Teledyne  HAWAII2-RG, Teledyne  0.47 x 0.47 sq.deg. (1.67 arcsec/pix) HAWAII Eng., Teledyne  Wavelengths ： 0.9 – 2.5 um ( Y,J,H,Ks -band) 2012/11/2919Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

20. WFCT II: 1.00 ×1.00 deg 2 D=0.22m Comparison of F.O.V.s D=0.91m OAOWFC: 0.92 ×0.92 deg 2 D=4.1m VISTA: 0.77 ×0.77 deg 2 D=3.8m WFCAM: 0.46 ×0.46 deg 2 IRIS: 0.22 ×0.22 deg 2 D=0.8m SIRIUS: 0.13 ×0.13 deg 2 D=1.4m OAOWFC has one of the world’s largest field of view. 2012/11/2920Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

21. 2012/11/2921Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

22. prompt optical spectroscopy with Integral Field Unit for short GRBs (+ long GRBs) possible optical counterparts of the transients identified with imaging facilities (Kiso, Okayama, etc) supernovae Locations of large (>3m) optical/NIR telescopes. No large telescopes around Japan  3.8m telescope at Okayama is important to make prompt optical follow-up spectroscopy 2012/11/2922Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

23. Planned 3.8m telescope at Okayama Integral Field Unit FoV ~ 30”x30” optical wavelength R~1000-3000 =>spectrograph Conceptual view of IFU 2012/11/29

24. 24Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

25.  Development of a 50cm robotic telescope + 3-color camera system  West China (Tibet area)  Expected limiting mag. (S/N=5 for 10 min exp.)  18.5 mag. u ’-band  21.1 mag. R c -band  20.8 mag. I c -band 2012/11/2925Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

26. West end of Tibet: ～ 60 degree west from Japan altitude: 5000m 2012/11/2926Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

27. A1 A2 B4 B1 Lhasa Gar Tibet West end of Tibet: ～ 60 degree west from Japan altitude: 5000m 2012/11/2927Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

28. A1 A2 B4 Views of A1, A2 and B4 from B1 2012/11/2928Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

29. Telescope Alluna 50cm telescope (Germany: commercial product) 2012/11/2929Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

30. Optical Layout of the 3-color camera u ’ band R c band I c band telescope dichroic mirror FOV: 24 arcmin^2 2012/11/2930Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

31.  Fully robotic operation  Heritage of MITSuME project will be used. MITSuME @ OAO 2012/11/2931Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

32. 2012/11/2932Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

33. IRSF (Nagoya Univ.) @ South Africa 1m Kiso Schmidt telescope 5 deg 2 camera  30 deg 2 1.5m Kanata telescope 50cm MITSuME 91cm W-F NIR camera of NAOJ 1 deg 2 NIR camera Yamaguchi 32m radio telescope ★ ★ miniTAO (Tokyo Univ.) @ Chile 50cm telescope (Hiroshima Univ. 2014) Japan Coordinated network for transients observation Subaru @Hawaii ★ A part of the project “Multi-messenger Observations of GW sources” * collaborating with the KAGRA data analysis team * science cases: GRBs, supernovae, blazars, etc. 3.8m telescope (Kyoto Univ. 2015) Main features: 5 deg 2 opt. imaging w/ 1m 1 deg 2 NIR imaging w/ 1m opt-NIR spectroscopy w/ 1–8m opt-NIR polarimetry

34. GW detectors High-E satellites Wide-field imaging Multi-mode observationMulti-band observation Optical Kiso 6x6 deg 2 camera 50cm tel. (0.5x0.5 deg 2 ) Near-Infrared OAO-WFC (1x1 deg 2 ) 3.8m telescope spectroscopypolarimetry Kanata IRSFKanata Near-infrared miniTAO IRSF radio Yamaguchi 32m Nobeyama 45m Subaru 2012/11/2934Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA

35.  We are developing a coordinated network of optical- infrared-radio observations for follow-up of GW transients. This project is funded till March 2017 by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area of MEXT (Monbu- Kagaku Sho).  The network contains several existing small optical- infrared telescopes in Japan, South-Africa, and Chile.  Two new telescopes are under construction (50cm in Tibet and 3.8m in Japan).  We plan to join the LIGO/Virgo collaboration for EM follow- up next year.  Collaboration with Korea is important and fruitful on this subject. 2012/11/29Japan-Korea WS on KAGRA35