1. WP5: OTDM-to-WDM conversion update ORC CONTRIBUTION – F. Parmigiani TRIUMPH meeting 14-12-2006

2. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 2 WP5: OTDM-to-WDM conversion Conversion provided by a rectangular shaped, linearly-chirped pulse Implementation of this conversion is more challenging at higher bit rates Condition of one-to-one mapping implies a precise relationship between: chirp of the broadband signal strength of the nonlinear XPM interaction Optical Switch OTDM data Signal WDM data Signal Broadband Signal WDM channel separation crosstalk between the WDM channels

3. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 3 WP5: OTDM-to-WDM conversion Alternative technique: 4 independent and synchronized WDM channels Pulse carving at 40 GHz using EAMs. WDM data Signal Broadband Signal OTDM data Signal DFB1 DFB2 DFB3 DFB4 EAM1 EAM2 EAM3 EAM4 1 2 3 4

4. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 4 Extinction ratio degradation in NOLMs See for example: Sakamoto et al., PTL, vol.16, n.2, 2004 Time Phase Shift XPM Co-propagating Signal Time Phase Shift XPM Counter-propagating Signal Time Intensity Control Pulse Time Intensity XPM Output Signal Co-propagating signal Counter- propagating signal Counter-propagating signal suffers from XPM induced by the time-average power of the control pulses at high bit rates (160Gb/s) the extinction ratio of the switch is compromised at high bit rate (160Gb/s)

5. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 5 Initial Switching settings T FWHM =2ps (Gaussian) =1542.5nm Pave=16dBm TFWHM=4.2ps (Gaussian)  =1554nm Spacing=4.8nm (600GHz) Pave=0dBm ? ? HNLF: lenght=0.5km loss=1.44 dB/km Slope=0.01ps/nm 2 /km

6. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 6 Characteristics of switched pulses

7. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 7 Switched pulses in time and wavelength ~5dB P control =16dBm D@1550=0ps/nm/kmD@1550=-1ps/nm/km P control =16dBm ~ 30dB >30dB 10dB 13% 33%

8. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 8 Switched pulse - different settings P control =16dBm 10dB >30dB 13% 24% P control =16dBm ~5dB ~25dB D@1550=0ps/nm/kmD@1550=-1ps/nm/km P control =19.5dBm

9. TRIUMPH OTDM-to-WDM conversion update 14-December-2006 CONFIDENTIAL 9 Conclusion We have studied the NOLM switch characteristics varying the dispersion of the HNLF. Trade off between minimum pulse distortion/maximum switching efficiency (lower dispersion to minimize the walk-off) and maximum WDM crosstalk (higher dispersion). Are peak pulse fluctuations and pulse distortions major issues for the OTDM to WDM conversion? Equipment involved: NOLM, EAMs, HNLFs,… Possible alternative: Kerr switch